Jurkiewicz Tristan, Marty Anne-Sophie
Ophthalmology, Centre d'exploration de la rétine Kléber (CERK), Lyon, France.
Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université de Lyon, Bron, France.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2025 Aug;32(4):394-402. doi: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2399765. Epub 2024 Oct 10.
Keratoconus is a progressive, asymmetrical corneal ectasia with multifactorial origin. Three identified risk factors for keratoconus include exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, eye rubbing, and atopy. Other factors like pollution would play a role in the physiopathology of keratoconus. In this study we investigate the effects of particles matter (PM) of 2.5 and 10 μm, but also nitrogen dioxide (NO) and the correlation with the prevalence in the scientific literature.
A literature review was performed using four databases (PubMed, Research gate, Google scholar and International Journal of Keratoconus and Ectatic Corneal Diseases) according to strict selection criteria. Levels of fine particles and nitrogen dioxide were extracted from available World Health Organization (WHO) databases and correlated with prevalences from epidemiological studies.
The mean pollution rate in the selected studies was 26.88 ± 25.26 μg/m for PM , 58.23 ± 60.98 μg/m for PM and 24.79 ± 12.58 μg/m for NO. Pearson correlation tests revealed a significant positive correlation between prevalence of keratoconus with particles rate of PM ( = 0.58; < 0.001), PM ( = 0.67; < 0.001) and NO ( = 0.64; = 0.00016).
Fine particles appear to be a risk factor for keratoconus. These pollutants may act indirectly by exacerbating known risk factors such as atopy and eye rubbing. Atmospheric pollution may also have a direct effect on the cornea, by disturbing the structure of the epithelium and increasing cell apoptosis.
圆锥角膜是一种具有多因素起源的进行性、非对称性角膜扩张。已确定的圆锥角膜的三个危险因素包括暴露于紫外线、揉眼和特应性。其他因素如污染也会在圆锥角膜的病理生理过程中起作用。在本研究中，我们调查了2.5微米和10微米的颗粒物（PM）以及二氧化氮（NO）的影响，并在科学文献中研究它们与患病率的相关性。
根据严格的选择标准，使用四个数据库（PubMed、Research gate、谷歌学术和《圆锥角膜与扩张性角膜疾病国际杂志》）进行文献综述。从世界卫生组织（WHO）的可用数据库中提取细颗粒物和二氧化氮的水平，并将其与流行病学研究的患病率相关联。
所选研究中的平均污染率为：PM 为26.88±25.26μg/m，PM 为58.23±60.98μg/m，NO为24.79±12.58μg/m。Pearson相关性检验显示，圆锥角膜患病率与PM颗粒率（=0.58；<0.001）、PM（=0.67；<0.001）和NO（=0.64；=0.00016）之间存在显著正相关。
细颗粒物似乎是圆锥角膜的一个危险因素。这些污染物可能通过加剧特应性和揉眼等已知危险因素而间接起作用。大气污染也可能通过扰乱上皮结构和增加细胞凋亡而直接影响角膜。
