Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
Adv Appl Microbiol. 2024;129:189-229. doi: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.08.001. Epub 2024 Sep 4.
Copper homeostasis in fungi is a tightly regulated process crucial for cellular functions. Fungi acquire copper from their environment, with transporters facilitating its uptake into the cell. Once inside, copper is utilized in various metabolic pathways, including respiration and antioxidant defense. However, excessive copper can be toxic by promoting cell damage mainly due to oxidative stress and metal displacements. Fungi employ intricate regulatory mechanisms to maintain optimal copper levels. These involve transcription factors that control the expression of genes involved in copper transport, storage, and detoxification. Additionally, chaperone proteins assist in copper trafficking within the cell, ensuring its delivery to specific targets. Furthermore, efflux pumps help remove excess copper from the cell. Altogether, these mechanisms enable fungi to balance copper levels, ensuring proper cellular function while preventing toxicity. Understanding copper homeostasis in fungi is not only essential for fungal biology but also holds implications for various applications, including biotechnology and antifungal drug development.
真菌中的铜稳态是一个受到严格调控的过程，对细胞功能至关重要。真菌从环境中获取铜，通过转运蛋白将其摄取到细胞内。进入细胞后，铜被用于各种代谢途径，包括呼吸作用和抗氧化防御。然而，过多的铜会通过促进细胞损伤而产生毒性，主要是由于氧化应激和金属置换。真菌采用复杂的调节机制来维持最佳的铜水平。这些机制包括转录因子，它们控制参与铜运输、储存和解毒的基因的表达。此外，伴侣蛋白有助于铜在细胞内的运输，确保其递送到特定的靶标。此外，外排泵有助于将多余的铜从细胞中排出。总之，这些机制使真菌能够平衡铜水平，确保适当的细胞功能，同时防止毒性。了解真菌中的铜稳态不仅对真菌生物学至关重要，而且对生物技术和抗真菌药物开发等各种应用也具有重要意义。
