Hudson Hannah R, Riessland Markus, Orr Miranda E
Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Internal Medicine Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2024 Dec;47(12):971-984. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.09.006. Epub 2024 Oct 9.
Cellular senescence is a cell state characterized by resistance to apoptosis and stable cell cycle arrest. Senescence was first observed in mitotic cells in vitro. Recent evidence from in vivo studies and human tissue indicates that postmitotic cells, including neurons, may also become senescent. The quiescent cell state of neurons and inconsistent descriptions of neuronal senescence across studies, however, have caused confusion in this burgeoning field. We summarize evidence demonstrating that exit from G quiescence may protect neurons against apoptosis and predispose them toward senescence. Additionally, we propose the term 'neurescent' for senescent neurons and introduce the cell state, G, to describe cell cycle arrest achieved by passing through G quiescence. Criteria are provided to identify neurescent cells, distinguish them from G quiescent neurons, and compare neurescent phenotypes with classic replicative senescence.
细胞衰老一种以抗凋亡和稳定的细胞周期停滞为特征的细胞状态。衰老最初是在体外有丝分裂细胞中观察到的。来自体内研究和人体组织的最新证据表明，包括神经元在内的有丝分裂后细胞也可能会衰老。然而，神经元的静止细胞状态以及不同研究中对神经元衰老的不一致描述，在这个新兴领域造成了混乱。我们总结了证据，证明从G静止期退出可能会保护神经元免受凋亡，并使它们易于衰老。此外，我们提出用“神经衰老”一词来描述衰老的神经元，并引入G细胞状态来描述通过经历G静止期而实现的细胞周期停滞。文中还提供了识别神经衰老细胞、将它们与G静止期神经元区分开来以及将神经衰老表型与经典复制性衰老进行比较的标准。
