Mazze R S, Sinnock P, Deeb L, Brimberry J L
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1985 Oct;1(3):185-91. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8227(85)80009-7.
Diabetes mellitus affects almost 5.5 million Americans each year. An estimated additional 5 million individuals may have diabetes, but remain undetected. Individuals with diabetes are at high risk for the development of micro- and macrovascular disease, diabetic coma and adverse outcome of pregnancy. The rate at which these complications develop are now partially identifiable for the United States. For 5 potentially preventable complications (retinopathy, adverse outcome of pregnancy, vascular disease, nephropathy and diabetic coma) the morbidity and mortality rates can now be calculated. There exist 50,000 cases of blindness due to diabetes with an additional 5800 new cases each year. Adverse outcome of diabetic pregnancy occurs in over 18,000 births each year, with as many as 4500 related perinatal deaths. Each year 40,000 diabetics are required to have a lower extremity amputation. Of the already 70,000 diabetics who have had an amputation, 25,000 will die this year. End stage renal disease affects 4000 diabetics each year. During the same time period, of the 7500 existing cases of end stage renal disease, 2000 will result in mortality cases. Diabetic coma (DKA and HHNK) accounts for 67,400 hospitalizations and results in 3600 deaths each year. Together these complications and those associated with cardiovascular disease account for 323,000 deaths with diabetes as the underlying or contributing cause in the United States.
每年有近550万美国人受糖尿病影响。据估计，还有500万人可能患有糖尿病，但仍未被发现。糖尿病患者发生微血管和大血管疾病、糖尿病昏迷及妊娠不良结局的风险很高。在美国，这些并发症的发生几率目前已部分可知。对于5种潜在可预防的并发症（视网膜病变、妊娠不良结局、血管疾病、肾病和糖尿病昏迷），现在可以计算出发病率和死亡率。因糖尿病导致失明的病例有5万例，且每年新增5800例。糖尿病妊娠不良结局每年发生在超过18000例分娩中，多达4500例与围产期死亡有关。每年有4万名糖尿病患者需要进行下肢截肢。在已经接受截肢的7万名糖尿病患者中，今年将有2.5万人死亡。终末期肾病每年影响4000名糖尿病患者。在同一时期，在现有的7500例终末期肾病病例中，2000例将导致死亡。糖尿病昏迷（糖尿病酮症酸中毒和高渗高血糖状态）每年导致67400例住院治疗，造成3600人死亡。在美国，这些并发症以及与心血管疾病相关的并发症加在一起，以糖尿病为根本原因或促成原因，导致32.3万人死亡。
