Evaluating the concentration dependent dual effects of on cancerous skin cells and mitochondria isolated from melanoma-induced animal model.

INTRODUCTION

Melanoma is still one of the deadliest cancers whose prevalence has increased in recent decades. Today, many polysaccharides and their bioactive compounds have been of special importance in modern biotechnology. They have various biological and therapeutic properties. they can regulate and strengthen the immune system, lower blood pressure and cholesterol, and reduce bacterial and viral infections. According to studies, these compounds also have antitumor properties. we investigated the cytotoxic effects of obtained from solid-state fermentation (SSF) of edible medicinal mushroom on cancerous skin cells.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The mitochondria were isolated from melanoma cells via differential centrifugation and treated with various concentrations (30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 240 µg/ml) of extract. Then, they were subjected to MTT, ROS, MMP decline, mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release, and flow cytometry assays.

RESULTS

The results of the MTT assay showed that IC50 of extract was 60 μg/ml, and it induced a selectively significant (P < 0.05) concentration-dependent decrease in the SDH activity in cancerous skin mitochondria. At higher concentrations, no such effect was observed. The ROS results also showed that 30, 45, and 60 µg/ml concentrations of extract significantly increased ROS. However, no such effect was observed at higher concentrations. MMP decline and the release of cytochrome c in cancer groups mitochondria and swelling were significantly increased at 30, 45, and 60 µg/ml compared to the control group. At higher concentrations, no such effect was observed. extract at 60 µg/ml concentration increased apoptosis on melanoma cells, while it had no effect on control non-tumour cells.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Based on these results, extract at 30, 45, and 60 µg/ml showed a cytotoxic effect, while no such effect was observed at higher concentrations. Overall, it seems that has antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects on cancer cells at higher concentrations.