Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
COPD. 2024 Dec;21(1):2413712. doi: 10.1080/15412555.2024.2413712. Epub 2024 Oct 11.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous condition. Exposure to tobacco smoke and air pollutants are key risk factors for COPD development; however, other risk factors include race/ethnicity, sex of adults, a history of asthma, occupational exposures, and chronic respiratory infections. Data for the current study were from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey. Chi-squares and multinomial logistic regression analyses, adjusted with the survey's sampling weight, were used to examine how critical health indicators impacted a COPD diagnosis. Participants ( = 311,175) were adults aged 45 years and older. Adjusted multinomial regression analyses showed adults who reported asthma, current and former smoking, poor physical health, depression, less physical activity, and fatigue were more likely to report COPD. Those with COPD were more likely to be male than female. Moreover, those with COPD reported higher rates of health insurance coverage, and yet had lower income and more financial difficulty affording a doctor for health services. In a follow up regression analysis, examining racial differences in COPD for participants, American Indian adults had a higher odds of reporting COPD than the "other" race groups. Because COPD remains a leading cause of death and disability in the U.S., and racial disparities persist in respiratory outcomes, continuing to identify risk factors for vulnerable groups could assist health program planners with development of successful health messaging.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是一种复杂且异质性的疾病。接触烟草烟雾和空气污染物是 COPD 发展的关键风险因素；然而，其他风险因素包括种族/民族、成年人的性别、哮喘史、职业暴露和慢性呼吸道感染。本研究的数据来自 2022 年行为风险因素监测调查。使用卡方检验和多变量逻辑回归分析，并结合调查的抽样权重，来研究关键健康指标如何影响 COPD 的诊断。参与者（n=311175）为 45 岁及以上的成年人。调整后的多变量回归分析显示，报告有哮喘、当前和以前吸烟、身体健康状况差、抑郁、较少体力活动和疲劳的成年人更有可能报告患有 COPD。患有 COPD 的成年人中男性多于女性。此外，患有 COPD 的成年人报告的医疗保险覆盖率更高，但收入更低，在为医疗服务支付医生费用方面更困难。在后续的回归分析中，针对参与者检查 COPD 的种族差异，美国印第安成年人报告 COPD 的几率高于“其他”种族群体。由于 COPD 仍然是美国导致死亡和残疾的主要原因，且在呼吸结局方面仍存在种族差异，因此继续确定弱势群体的风险因素可能有助于卫生项目规划者制定成功的健康信息传递。
