Yamada Shunsuke, Honda Takashi
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobataku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan.
Nanoscale. 2024 Nov 7;16(43):20027-20036. doi: 10.1039/d4nr03321c.
Transient primary batteries (TPBs) degrade after use without leaving harmful toxic substances, providing power sources for developing low-invasive and environmentally benign sensing platforms. Magnesium and zinc, both abundant on Earth, possess low anodic potentials and good biodegradability, making them useful as anode materials. However, molybdenum, a biodegradable metal, causes the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode, reducing the operating voltage of cells because of its low cathodic potential. In this review, we examine recent material designs to increase the operating voltage by introducing alternative electrochemical reactions at the cathode, including the oxygen reduction reaction, metal-ion intercalation into transition metal oxides, and halogen ionization, all of which have higher cathodic potentials than the HER. After discussing the characteristics, constituents, and demonstration of TPBs, we conclude by exploring their potential as power sources for implants, wearables, and environmental sensing applications.
一次性原电池（TPBs）在使用后会降解，不会留下有害有毒物质，为开发低侵入性和环境友好型传感平台提供电源。镁和锌在地球上储量丰富，具有低阳极电位和良好的生物降解性，使其成为有用的阳极材料。然而，钼作为一种可生物降解的金属，会在阴极引发析氢反应（HER），由于其低阴极电位而降低电池的工作电压。在这篇综述中，我们研究了最近的材料设计，通过在阴极引入替代电化学反应来提高工作电压，包括氧还原反应、金属离子嵌入过渡金属氧化物以及卤素离子化，所有这些反应的阴极电位都高于析氢反应。在讨论了一次性原电池的特性、成分和演示之后，我们通过探索它们作为植入物、可穿戴设备和环境传感应用电源的潜力来得出结论。
