Yamada Shunsuke, Honda Takashi
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobataku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan.
ACS Mater Au. 2024 Nov 22;5(1):35-44. doi: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.4c00100. eCollection 2025 Jan 8.
Ionic gels (IGs), ionic liquids (ILs) dispersed in polymers, exhibit extremely low vapor pressure, electrochemical and thermal stability, and excellent mechanical characteristics; therefore, they are used for fabricating stretchable sensors, electrochemical transistors, and energy storage devices. Although such characteristics are promising for flexible and stretchable electronics, the mechanical stress-induced ruptured covalent bonds forming polymer networks cannot recover owing to the irreversible interaction between the bonds. Physical cross-linking via noncovalent bonds enables the interaction of polymers and ILs to form supramolecular IGs (SIGs), which exhibit favorable characteristics for wearable devices that conventional IGs with noncovalent bonds cannot achieve. Herein, we review recent material designs and interactions used for fabricating SIGs, such as ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding. We present SIG characteristics achieved via the interaction of polymers and ILs, such as extreme toughness, self-healing capability, and self-adhesion favorable for human body sensors. We conclude this Perspective by discussing the potential of SIGs as a power source for implants, wearable devices, and environmental sensing applications.
离子凝胶（IGs）是分散在聚合物中的离子液体（ILs），具有极低的蒸气压、电化学和热稳定性以及优异的机械特性；因此，它们被用于制造可拉伸传感器、电化学晶体管和储能装置。尽管这些特性对于柔性和可拉伸电子产品很有前景，但由于聚合物网络中机械应力诱导的共价键断裂之间存在不可逆相互作用，这些共价键无法恢复。通过非共价键进行物理交联能够使聚合物与离子液体相互作用形成超分子离子凝胶（SIGs），对于可穿戴设备而言，超分子离子凝胶展现出传统含非共价键离子凝胶无法实现的良好特性。在此，我们综述了近期用于制造超分子离子凝胶的材料设计和相互作用，如离子相互作用和氢键。我们展示了通过聚合物与离子液体相互作用实现的超分子离子凝胶特性，如极高的韧性、自愈能力以及对人体传感器有利的自粘性。我们通过讨论超分子离子凝胶作为植入物、可穿戴设备和环境传感应用的电源的潜力来结束这一观点阐述。
