Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United States.
Immunization Safety Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2024 Oct 11;12:e58991. doi: 10.2196/58991.
SMS text messaging- and internet-based self-reporting systems can supplement existing vaccine safety surveillance systems, but real-world participation patterns have not been assessed at scale.
This study aimed to describe the participation rates of a new SMS text messaging- and internet-based self-reporting system called the Kaiser Permanente Side Effect Monitor (KPSEM) within a large integrated health care system.
We conducted a prospective cohort study of Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) patients receiving a COVID-19 vaccination from April 23, 2021, to July 31, 2023. Patients received invitations through flyers, SMS text messages, emails, or patient health care portals. After consenting, patients received regular surveys to assess adverse events up to 5 weeks after each dose. Linkage with medical records provided demographic and clinical data. In this study, we describe KPSEM participation rates, defined as providing consent and completing at least 1 survey within 35 days of COVID-19 vaccination.
Approximately, 8% (164,636/2,091,975) of all vaccinated patients provided consent and completed at least 1 survey within 35 days. The lowest participation rates were observed for parents of children aged 12-17 years (1349/152,928, 0.9% participation rate), and the highest participation was observed among older adults aged 61-70 years (39,844/329,487, 12.1%). Persons of non-Hispanic White race were more likely to participate compared with other races and ethnicities (13.1% vs 3.9%-7.5%, respectively; P<.001). In addition, patients residing in areas with a higher neighborhood deprivation index were less likely to participate (5.1%, 16,503/323,122 vs 10.8%, 38,084/352,939 in the highest vs lowest deprivation quintiles, respectively; P<.001). Invitations through the individual's Kaiser Permanente health care portal account and by SMS text message were associated with the highest participation rate (19.2%, 70,248/366,377 and 10.5%, 96,169/914,793, respectively), followed by email (19,464/396,912, 4.9%) and then QR codes on flyers (25,882/2,091,975, 1.2%). SMS text messaging-based surveys demonstrated the highest sustained daily response rates compared with internet-based surveys.
This real-world prospective study demonstrated that a novel digital vaccine safety self-reporting system implemented through an integrated health care system can achieve high participation rates. Linkage with participants' electronic health records is another unique benefit of this surveillance system. We also identified lower participation among selected vulnerable populations, which may have implications when interpreting data collected from similar digital systems.
短信文本消息和基于互联网的自我报告系统可以补充现有的疫苗安全监测系统，但尚未在大规模范围内评估实际参与模式。
本研究旨在描述 Kaiser Permanente 副作用监测器 (KPSEM) 这一新的短信文本消息和基于互联网的自我报告系统在大型综合医疗保健系统内的参与率。
我们对 Kaiser Permanente 南加州 (KPSC) 的患者进行了一项前瞻性队列研究，这些患者于 2021 年 4 月 23 日至 2023 年 7 月 31 日接种了 COVID-19 疫苗。患者通过传单、短信、电子邮件或患者健康护理门户收到邀请。同意后，患者定期接受调查，以评估每次剂量后长达 5 周的不良事件。与医疗记录的链接提供了人口统计学和临床数据。在本研究中，我们描述了 KPSEM 的参与率，定义为在 COVID-19 疫苗接种后 35 天内提供同意并完成至少 1 次调查。最低的参与率见于 12-17 岁儿童的父母（1349/152928，0.9%的参与率），最高的参与率见于 61-70 岁的老年人（39/329487，12.1%）。与其他种族和族裔相比，非西班牙裔白人更有可能参与（分别为 13.1%和 3.9%-7.5%；P<.001）。此外，居住在邻里贫困指数较高地区的患者参与度较低（分别为 5.1%，16503/323122 和 10.8%，38084/352939，在最高和最低贫困五分位数中；P<.001）。通过个人 Kaiser Permanente 医疗保健门户账户和短信发送邀请与最高参与率相关（分别为 19.2%，70248/366377 和 10.5%，96169/914793），其次是电子邮件（19464/396912，4.9%），然后是传单上的 QR 码（25882/2091975，1.2%）。基于短信的调查与基于互联网的调查相比，具有最高的持续每日响应率。
本真实世界前瞻性研究表明，通过集成医疗保健系统实施的新型数字疫苗安全自我报告系统可以实现高参与率。与参与者的电子健康记录的链接是该监测系统的另一个独特优势。我们还发现某些弱势群体的参与率较低，这可能会对从类似数字系统收集的数据进行解释产生影响。
