Qin Huikai, Chen Yuancai, Wu Yayun, Xu Huiyan, Zhang Longxian
College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, PR China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, PR China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China.
Acta Trop. 2024 Dec;260:107427. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107427. Epub 2024 Oct 9.
Cryptosporidium spp. are apicomplexan parasites commonly found in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and in a wide range of animals. Infection is prevalent in dairy cattle and results in diarrhea and increased mortality with significant production losses. Cryptosporidium andersoni is commonly seen in asymptomatic adult cattle and has been associated with gastritis, reduced milk yield, and poor weight gain. However, a meta-analysis of C. andersoni infection in dairy cattle globally has not yet been published. We searched databases for studies on the global prevalence of C. andersoni infection in dairy cattle published from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2022. The prevalence of C. andersoni infection in dairy cattle was estimated using a random effects model. In total, 86 publications from 30 countries were included in the final quantitative analysis. The global prevalence of C. andersoni in dairy cattle was 4.7 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 4.5-4.9 %, 2,554/54,627). European dairy cattle had the highest rate of C. andersoni infection at 8.8 % (961/10,944). A univariate meta-regression analysis indicated that the age of cattle (P = 0.002) and sample collection year (P = 0.025) might be sources of heterogeneity. This systematic review suggests that globally, dairy cattle exhibit a low level of C. andersoni infection; however, the geographical distribution of infection is extensive. C. andersoni mainly infects the stomach of cattle and causes no obvious clinical symptoms after infection but is thought to be responsible for reduced milk production. Therefore, subclinical Cryptosporidium infection in dairy cattle is easily overlooked. Cattle with subclinical infections can produce feces containing oocysts that are inadvertently not safely handled, which can then infect healthy dairy cattle and even cause Cryptosporidium infection in dairy cattle breeders. Therefore, prevention of C. andersoni transmission in asymptomatic cattle is an important issue that should not be neglected.
隐孢子虫属是顶复门寄生虫，常见于人类胃肠道以及多种动物体内。感染在奶牛中很普遍，会导致腹泻和死亡率上升，造成重大的生产损失。安氏隐孢子虫常见于无症状成年奶牛，与胃炎、产奶量下降和体重增加缓慢有关。然而，尚未发表关于全球奶牛安氏隐孢子虫感染的荟萃分析。我们在数据库中搜索了2000年1月1日至2022年12月31日发表的关于全球奶牛安氏隐孢子虫感染率的研究。使用随机效应模型估计奶牛安氏隐孢子虫感染率。最终的定量分析共纳入了来自30个国家的86篇出版物。全球奶牛安氏隐孢子虫感染率为4.7%（95%置信区间[CI]：4.5 - 4.9%，2554/54627）。欧洲奶牛的安氏隐孢子虫感染率最高，为8.8%（961/10944）。单变量meta回归分析表明，奶牛年龄（P = 0.002）和样本采集年份（P = 0.025）可能是异质性来源。这项系统评价表明，全球范围内，奶牛的安氏隐孢子虫感染水平较低；然而，感染的地理分布广泛。安氏隐孢子虫主要感染奶牛的胃部，感染后无明显临床症状，但被认为与产奶量下降有关。因此，奶牛的亚临床隐孢子虫感染很容易被忽视。亚临床感染的奶牛会排出含有卵囊的粪便，如果处理不当，可能会感染健康奶牛，甚至导致奶牛养殖者感染隐孢子虫。因此，预防无症状奶牛中安氏隐孢子虫的传播是一个不可忽视的重要问题。
