Li Yunhui, Zhang Xiaohan, Yi Jingkun, Chen Yuan, Liang Jing, Wang Li, Ma Jiayue, Zhu Renlong, Zhang Xiaomei, Hu Di, Jia Yan, Yu Xiaobo, Wang Yajie
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China.
State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China.
J Infect. 2024 Dec;89(6):106310. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106310. Epub 2024 Oct 10.
SARS-CoV-2 is continually evolving with new variants to evade protective immunity and cause new infections. This study aimed to assess infection-acquired immunity and hybrid immunity against re-infection or severe COVID-19.
During 2020-2023, we collected 890 serum samples from individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants including wild type, D614G, Alpha, Delta, BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.76, BA.5.2, BF.7, XBB, and EG.5. The levels of serum neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against 18 diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants were determined using a bead-based high-throughput broad neutralizing-antibody assay.
In the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, >75% of the patients demonstrated robust NAb responses against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2, during a period when vaccines were not yet available. After the emergence of the Omicron variant, the seroprevalence of anti-Omicron NAbs among the patients increased rapidly. By April 2023, when XBB variant was predominant, approximately 80% of the patients demonstrated >50% neutralization against the highly immune-evasive XBB lineages. Three serotypes of SARS-CoV-2, namely non-Omicron, Omicron, and XBB serotypes, were identified, with the strong likelihood of further changes occurring as the virus mutating. Generally, NAbs elicited by a previous serotype could not typically effectively protect against another serotype that emerges later in the evolutionary stages.
Our results firstly demonstrated the synergistic evolution between host immunity and SARS-CoV-2 variants in the real world, which would be helpful to develop future vaccines and public health strategies.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）不断演变出新型变体，以逃避保护性免疫并引发新的感染。本研究旨在评估感染获得性免疫和混合免疫对再次感染或重症冠状病毒病2019（COVID-19）的作用。
在2020年至2023年期间，我们收集了890份感染SARS-CoV-2变体（包括野生型、D614G、阿尔法、德尔塔、BA.1、BA.2、BA.2.76、BA.5.2、BF.7、XBB和EG.5）的个体的血清样本。使用基于微珠的高通量广谱中和抗体检测法测定了针对18种不同SARS-CoV-2变体的血清中和抗体（NAbs）水平。
在COVID-19大流行的第一波期间，在尚无疫苗可用的时期，超过75%的患者对原始SARS-CoV-2表现出强大的NAb反应。奥密克戎变体出现后，患者中抗奥密克戎NAb的血清阳性率迅速上升。到2023年4月，当XBB变体占主导时，约80%的患者对高度免疫逃逸的XBB谱系表现出>50%的中和作用。确定了SARS-CoV-2的三种血清型，即非奥密克戎、奥密克戎和XBB血清型，随着病毒变异，很可能会发生进一步变化。一般来说，先前血清型引发的NAbs通常不能有效抵御在进化阶段后期出现的另一种血清型。
我们的结果首次证明了现实世界中宿主免疫与SARS-CoV-2变体之间的协同进化，这将有助于制定未来的疫苗和公共卫生策略。
