Bylica Izabella, Jachowicz-Matczak Estera, Brodowicz Justyna, Sułkowska Joanna, Bociąga-Jasik Monika, Heczko Piotr, Gagatek Sebastian, Bylica Jan, Wójkowska-Mach Jadwiga
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland.
Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland.
Microorganisms. 2025 Feb 27;13(3):535. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13030535.
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, profoundly impacted global health systems and economies. Vaccination and diagnostic advancements were pivotal in managing the pandemic. This systematic review evaluates antibody levels in adults following complete COVID-19 vaccination and examines the prevalence of infections in vaccinated populations. A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted, focusing on studies analyzing antibody levels at least 14 days after full vaccination with FDA- or EMA-approved vaccines. Five European studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. Data were extracted and synthesized from studies involving 6280 participants aged 19 to 105, with an average of 11% having prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Antibody levels were analyzed over time, and the incidence of post-vaccination COVID-19 cases was recorded. The reviewed studies demonstrated that antibody levels peaked shortly after vaccination but gradually declined over time. Individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibited higher antibody titers than those without prior exposure. After the first dose, the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine led to significantly higher antibody levels than the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, especially in those without prior infection. Across all studies, the incidence of COVID-19 among vaccinated individuals was low (0.1-3.8% for 144-302 days post-vaccination). Vaccination reduced severe outcomes despite decreasing antibody levels. The decline in new COVID-19 cases and related deaths is attributed to widespread vaccination, natural immunity, and virus mutations reducing severity. Further studies are warranted to explore antibody persistence and optimal vaccination strategies.
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的2019冠状病毒病大流行对全球卫生系统和经济产生了深远影响。疫苗接种和诊断技术的进步在应对这一大流行中起着关键作用。本系统评价评估了成年人完成新冠病毒疫苗接种后的抗体水平，并调查了接种人群中的感染率。按照系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行了一项系统评价，重点关注分析使用美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）或欧洲药品管理局（EMA）批准的疫苗进行全程接种至少14天后抗体水平的研究。选取了五项符合纳入标准的欧洲研究。从涉及6280名年龄在19至105岁之间的参与者的研究中提取并综合数据，平均有11%的参与者曾接触过SARS-CoV-2。对抗体水平随时间的变化进行了分析，并记录了接种疫苗后新冠病毒病病例的发生率。经审查的研究表明，抗体水平在接种疫苗后不久达到峰值，但随后随时间逐渐下降。曾感染过SARS-CoV-2的个体比未接触过的个体表现出更高的抗体滴度。在接种第一剂后，辉瑞-生物科技公司的疫苗导致的抗体水平显著高于牛津-阿斯利康疫苗，尤其是在未感染过的个体中。在所有研究中，接种疫苗个体中新冠病毒病的发病率较低（接种后144至302天为0.1%-3.8%）。尽管抗体水平下降，但疫苗接种减少了严重后果。新冠病毒病新发病例和相关死亡人数的下降归因于广泛的疫苗接种、自然免疫以及病毒变异导致的严重程度降低。有必要进一步开展研究以探索抗体持久性和最佳疫苗接种策略。
