Grümpel-Schlüter A, Kersten S, Kluess J, Lühken S, Saltzmann J, Schubbert A, Büngener-Schröder S, Dänicke S
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Bundesallee 37, 38116, Brunswick, Germany.
Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Dörnbergstraße 25/27, 29223, Celle, Germany.
Mycotoxin Res. 2025 Feb;41(1):47-61. doi: 10.1007/s12550-024-00564-z. Epub 2024 Oct 12.
Following the use of sugar beet pulp that was retrospectively found to be predominantly contaminated with zearalenone (ZEN) in diets of reproducing sows largely exceeding the EU-guidance value for critical ZEN concentration of 0.25 mg/kg, farmers did not report any changes in the reproductive performance of sows. Thus, the aim of the study was to verify this guidance value in a dose-response setup by using sugar beet pulp as a ZEN source hitherto not considered a risky feedstuff additionally characterized by comparatively low levels of deoxynivalenol. A total of 90 sows was equally allocated to one of the three feed groups during experimental lactation 1 and up to 40 days after insemination: CON with a minimal ZEN concentration, ZEN1 with a target concentration of 250 µg ZEN/kg feed, and ZEN2 with a target concentration of 500 µg ZEN/kg feed. Thereafter, all sows received the same feed without ZEN for the rest of gestation, and the following lactation for testing of putative carry-over effects resulting from previous ZEN exposure. Exposure of sows to ZEN with blood serum as an indicator was linearly related to dietary ZEN concentrations. Reproductive and zootechnical performances of sows were only affected by ZEN exposure at weaning weight. Clinical-chemical parameters indicated no clear effect of ZEN exposure. An influence of ZEN on the occurrence of tail and ear injuries (not necrosis) in piglets and lesions on the mammary complexes in sows is possible. The influence of a ZEN concentration above the EU guidance value on the study farm can therefore not be neglected.
在繁殖母猪的日粮中使用了甜菜粕，后来发现其主要被玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）污染，大大超过了欧盟规定的ZEN临界浓度指导值0.25毫克/千克，但养殖户并未报告母猪繁殖性能有任何变化。因此，本研究的目的是通过使用甜菜粕作为ZEN来源，在剂量反应试验中验证这一指导值，甜菜粕迄今未被视为有风险风险反应试验泌乳期1以及授精后长达40天期间，总共90头母猪被平均分配到三个饲料组之一：ZEN浓度最低的对照组（CON）、目标浓度为每千克饲料含250微克ZEN的ZEN1组，以及目标浓度为每千克饲料含500微克ZEN的ZEN2组。此后，所有母猪在剩余的妊娠期以及随后的泌乳期都接受不含ZEN的相同饲料，以测试先前ZEN暴露可能产生的残留效应。以血清为指标，母猪接触ZEN的情况与日粮中ZEN浓度呈线性相关。母猪的繁殖性能和畜牧技术性能仅在断奶体重时受ZEN暴露影响。临床化学参数表明ZEN暴露没有明显影响。ZEN可能对仔猪尾巴和耳朵受伤（非坏死）的发生率以及母猪乳腺复合体的病变有影响。因此，不能忽视高于欧盟指导值的ZEN浓度对本研究猪场的影响。
