Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (UMR 7093), Villefranche-sur-mer 06230, France.
Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2024 Oct 22;58(42):18969-18979. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c06691. Epub 2024 Oct 12.
Blooms of cf. pose an emerging health threat, causing respiratory disorders in various coastal regions. This dinoflagellate produce potent phycotoxins named ovatoxins that can be transferred from the seawater to the atmosphere. However, the biotic and abiotic conditions affecting their transfer are still unknown. In this study, we investigate the sea-to-air transfer of cf phycotoxins using a process study in an aerosol reference tank (MART) and field observations. The process study exhibited a positive correlation between the phycotoxin content in sea spray aerosol (up to 832.59 ng m) and the particulate phycotoxin fraction in the water column and surface microlayer. In contrast, in the natural system, aerosolized phycotoxins were only observed in one out of six air collection (total toxins 0.59 ng m) despite optimal wind conditions. In both the process study and the natural system, ovatoxins represented only a minor fraction of the total toxin content, which was comprised of up to 90% liguriatoxins. In seawater, while no solubilized ovatoxins were detected, the concentration in dissolved liguriatoxin-a reached up to 19.07 μg L. These results underscore the need for future research on the liguriatoxins, and on their toxicity to establish safe exposure thresholds for beachgoers.
Cf 藻华对健康构成新的威胁，导致各沿海地区出现呼吸道疾病。这种甲藻产生的强效藻毒素称为膝沟藻毒素，可从海水转移到大气中。然而，影响其转移的生物和非生物条件仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们使用气溶胶参考箱（MART）和现场观测进行了过程研究，调查 cf 藻毒素的海-气转移。过程研究表明，海雾气溶胶中的藻毒素含量（高达 832.59ng m）与水柱和表面微层中的颗粒态藻毒素分数呈正相关。相比之下，在自然系统中，尽管有最佳的风条件，但在六个空气采集样本中仅观察到一个样本中含有气溶胶化的藻毒素（总毒素 0.59ng m）。在过程研究和自然系统中，膝沟藻毒素仅占总毒素含量的一小部分，其中含有高达 90%的利古里亚毒素。在海水中，虽然没有检测到溶解的膝沟藻毒素，但溶解的利古里亚毒素-a 的浓度高达 19.07μg L。这些结果强调了未来需要研究利古里亚毒素及其对人类的毒性，以建立海滩游客的安全暴露阈值。
