Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Dec 10;955:176808. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176808. Epub 2024 Oct 11.
The rhizosphere, where plant roots interact intensely with the soil, is a crucial but understudied area in terms of the impact of virus infection. In this study, we investigated the effects of lily symptomless virus (LSV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on the Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) rhizosphere using metagenomics and bioinformatics analysis. We found that virus infection significantly altered soil pH, inorganic carbon, nitrate nitrogen, and total sulfur. Co-infection with LSV and CMV had a greater influence than single infections on the α- and β-diversity of the rhizosphere viral community in which the absolute abundance of certain virus families (Siphoviridae, Podoviridae, and Myoviridae) increased significantly, whereas bacteria, fungi, and archaea remained relatively unaffected. These altered virus populations influenced the rhizosphere microbial carbon and nitrogen cycles by exerting top-down control on bacteria. Co-infection potentially weakened rhizosphere carbon fixation and promoted processes such as methane oxidation, nitrification, and denitrification. In addition, the co-occurrence network of bacteria and viruses in the rhizosphere revealed substantial changes in microbial community composition under co-infection. Our partial-least-squares path model confirmed that the diversity of the rhizosphere viral community indirectly regulated the carbon and nitrogen cycling functions of the microbial community, thus affecting the accumulation of carbon and nitrogen nutrients in the soil. Our results are the first report of the effects of virus infection on the lily rhizosphere, particularly for co-infection; they therefore complement research on the plant virus pathogenic mechanisms, and increase our understanding of the ecological role of rhizosphere soil viruses.
根际是植物根系与土壤强烈相互作用的区域，但其在病毒感染影响方面的研究还很不充分。在这项研究中，我们使用宏基因组学和生物信息学分析方法研究了百合无症病毒（LSV）和黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）对兰州百合（Lilium davidii var. unicolor）根际的影响。我们发现，病毒感染显著改变了土壤 pH 值、无机碳、硝酸盐氮和总硫。LSV 和 CMV 的共感染比单一感染对根际病毒群落的 α 和 β 多样性的影响更大，其中某些病毒家族（长尾噬菌体科、短尾噬菌体科和肌尾噬菌体科）的绝对丰度显著增加，而细菌、真菌和古菌相对不受影响。这些改变的病毒群体通过对细菌施加自上而下的控制，影响根际微生物的碳氮循环。共感染可能削弱根际碳固定，并促进甲烷氧化、硝化和反硝化等过程。此外，根际细菌和病毒的共现网络揭示了共感染下微生物群落组成的实质性变化。我们的偏最小二乘路径模型证实，根际病毒群落的多样性间接调节了微生物群落的碳氮循环功能，从而影响土壤中碳氮养分的积累。我们的研究结果首次报告了病毒感染对百合根际的影响，特别是对共感染的影响；因此，它们补充了植物病毒致病机制的研究，并增加了我们对根际土壤病毒生态作用的理解。
