Hologenomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Spain.
Health Department of Basque Government, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
Adv Genet. 2024;112:309-365. doi: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.08.006. Epub 2024 Sep 26.
Increasing scientific evidence demonstrates that gut microbiota plays an essential role in the onset and development of Colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanisms by which these microorganisms contribute to cancer development are complex and far from completely clarified. Specifically, the impact of gut microbiota-derived metabolites on CRC is undeniable, exerting both protective and detrimental effects. This paper examines the effects and mechanisms by which important bacterial metabolites exert detrimental effects associated with increased risk of CRC. Metabolites considered include heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heme iron, secondary bile acids, ethanol, and aromatic amines. It is necessary to delve deeper into the mechanisms of action of these metabolites in CRC and identify the microbiota members involved in their production. Furthermore, since diet is the main factor capable of modifying the intestinal microbiota, conducting studies that include detailed descriptions of dietary interventions is crucial. All this knowledge is essential for developing precision nutrition strategies to optimise a protective intestinal microbiota against CRC.
越来越多的科学证据表明，肠道微生物群在结直肠癌（CRC）的发生和发展中起着至关重要的作用。然而，这些微生物如何促进癌症发展的机制非常复杂，远未完全阐明。具体来说，肠道微生物衍生代谢物对 CRC 的影响是不可否认的，它们既具有保护作用，也有不利影响。本文研究了重要细菌代谢物发挥有害作用的机制及其与 CRC 风险增加的关系。考虑到的代谢物包括杂环胺和多环芳烃、血红素铁、次级胆汁酸、乙醇和芳香胺。有必要深入研究这些代谢物在 CRC 中的作用机制，并确定涉及它们产生的微生物群成员。此外，由于饮食是能够改变肠道微生物群的主要因素，因此进行包括详细描述饮食干预的研究至关重要。所有这些知识对于开发精准营养策略以优化保护性肠道微生物群预防 CRC 至关重要。
