Hologenomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Spain.
Health Department of Basque Government, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
Adv Genet. 2024;112:367-409. doi: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.08.002. Epub 2024 Sep 26.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In recent years, the impact of the gut microbiota on the development of CRC has become clear. The gut microbiota is the community of microorganisms living in the gut symbiotic relationship with the host. These microorganisms contribute to the development of CRC through various mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. Increasing scientific evidence suggests that metabolites produced by the gut microbiota may influence CRC development by exerting protective and deleterious effects. This article reviews the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, which are derived from the intake of complex carbohydrates, proteins, dairy products, and phytochemicals from plant foods and are associated with a reduced risk of CRC. These metabolites include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), indole and its derivatives, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and polyphenols. Each metabolite, its association with CRC risk, the possible mechanisms by which they exert anti-tumour functions and their relationship with the gut microbiota are described. In addition, other gut microbiota-derived metabolites that are gaining importance for their role as CRC suppressors are included.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球第三大常见癌症，也是癌症相关死亡的第二大主要原因。近年来，肠道微生物群对 CRC 发展的影响变得清晰起来。肠道微生物群是生活在肠道中与宿主共生的微生物群落。这些微生物通过尚未完全了解的各种机制促进 CRC 的发展。越来越多的科学证据表明，肠道微生物群产生的代谢物可能通过发挥保护和有害作用来影响 CRC 的发展。本文综述了肠道微生物群产生的代谢物，这些代谢物来源于复杂碳水化合物、蛋白质、乳制品以及植物性食物中的植物化学物质的摄入，并与 CRC 风险降低有关。这些代谢物包括短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）、吲哚及其衍生物、共轭亚油酸（CLA）和多酚。描述了每种代谢物与 CRC 风险的关联、它们发挥抗肿瘤功能的可能机制以及它们与肠道微生物群的关系。此外，还包括了其他因作为 CRC 抑制剂而变得重要的肠道微生物群衍生代谢物。
