Mayo-Muñoz David, Li Huijuan, Mestre Mario Rodríguez, Pinilla-Redondo Rafael
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Trends Microbiol. 2025 Feb;33(2):208-222. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.09.006. Epub 2024 Oct 12.
The evolutionary arms race between bacteria and phages has driven the development of diverse anti-phage defense mechanisms. Recent studies have identified noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) as key players in bacteria-phage conflicts, including CRISPR-Cas, toxin-antitoxin (TA), and reverse transcriptase (RT)-based defenses; however, our understanding of their roles in immunity is still emerging. In this review, we explore the multifaceted roles of ncRNAs in bacterial immunity, offering insights into their contributions to defense and anti-defense mechanisms, their influence on immune regulatory networks, and potential biotechnological applications. Finally, we highlight key outstanding questions in the field to spark future research directions.
细菌与噬菌体之间的进化军备竞赛推动了多种抗噬菌体防御机制的发展。最近的研究已确定非编码RNA（ncRNA）是细菌与噬菌体冲突中的关键参与者，包括基于CRISPR-Cas、毒素-抗毒素（TA）和逆转录酶（RT）的防御机制；然而，我们对它们在免疫中的作用仍在不断认识中。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了ncRNA在细菌免疫中的多方面作用，深入了解它们对防御和抗防御机制的贡献、对免疫调节网络的影响以及潜在的生物技术应用。最后，我们强调了该领域关键的悬而未决的问题，以激发未来的研究方向。
