Neurocomputation Laboratory, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Karachi, Pakistan.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.
Brain Topogr. 2024 Oct 13;38(1):7. doi: 10.1007/s10548-024-01076-w.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) based Neurofeedback training has gained traction as a practical method for enhancing executive functions, particularly attention, among healthy individuals. The neurofeedback protocols based on EEG channel locations, frequency bands, or EEG features has been tested. However, the improvement in attention was not measured by comparing different feedback stimulus types. We believe that multisensory nature feedback even with few training sessions may induce strong effect. Therefore, this study compares the effect of audio-visual and visual feedback stimuli for attention enhancement utilizing neurophysiological, behavioural and neuropsychological measures. Total 21 subjects were recruited, undergoing six alternate days of neurofeedback training sessions to upregulate EEG beta power of frontocentral (FC5). Dwell time, fractional occupancy and transition probability were also estimated from the EEG beta power. Audiovisual group (G1) as compared to visual group (G2) demonstrate a significant increase of global EEG beta activity alongside improved dwell time (t = 2.76, p = 0.003), fractional occupancy (t = 1.73, p = 0.042) and transition probability (t = 2.46, p = 0.008) over the course of six neurofeedback training sessions. Similarly, the group (G1) shows higher scores (t = 2.13, p = 0.032) and faster reaction times (t = 2.22, p = 0.028) in Stroop task, along with increased score in Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-15) questionnaire (t = 2.306, p = 0.012). Audiovisual neurofeedback may enhance training effectiveness, potentially achieving the same outcomes in fewer sessions compared to visual-only feedback. However, sufficient training days are essential for effect consolidation. This highlights the feasibility of completing neurofeedback training, a significant challenge in practice.
基于脑电图（EEG）的神经反馈训练已成为增强健康个体执行功能（尤其是注意力）的实用方法。基于 EEG 通道位置、频带或 EEG 特征的神经反馈方案已进行了测试。然而，注意力的改善并未通过比较不同反馈刺激类型来衡量。我们认为，即使在几次训练后，多感觉性质的反馈也可能产生强烈的效果。因此，本研究比较了利用神经生理学、行为和神经心理学测量来增强注意力的视听和视觉反馈刺激的效果。共招募了 21 名受试者，他们接受了六次交替的神经反馈训练课程，以增强额中央（FC5）的 EEG β 功率。还从 EEGβ 功率中估计了逗留时间、分数占用率和转移概率。与视觉组（G2）相比，视听组（G1）在六次神经反馈训练课程中，表现出全局 EEGβ 活动的显著增加，同时逗留时间（t=2.76，p=0.003）、分数占用率（t=1.73，p=0.042）和转移概率（t=2.46，p=0.008）得到改善。同样，该组（G1）在 Stroop 任务中显示出更高的分数（t=2.13，p=0.032）和更快的反应时间（t=2.22，p=0.028），并且在正念注意意识量表（MAAS-15）问卷中得分增加（t=2.306，p=0.012）。视听神经反馈可能会增强训练效果，与仅视觉反馈相比，可能在更少的训练课程中达到相同的效果。然而，足够的训练天数对于效果巩固是必要的。这突出了完成神经反馈训练的可行性，这在实践中是一个重大挑战。
