Empowering the circular economy practices: Lifecycle assessment and machine learning-driven residual value prediction in IoT-enabled microwave oven.

In an era of resource scarcity and environmental concerns, integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology into the circular economy (CE), particularly for household appliances like microwaves, is crucial. The lack of systematic assessment of their post-use residual values often reduces utilization and shortens lifespans. Inadequate disposal and management contribute to electronic waste and environmental pollution. Addressing these challenges is vital for efficient appliance management within resource constraints, ensuring meaningful contributions to sustainable resource management. Thus, this study addresses these concerns by integrating IoT technology into microwave ovens, enabling real-time monitoring of key parameters such as voltage, current, door closures, and motor/blade rotations. Data from integrated sensors enables performance analysis and trend tracking, offering potential for advancing CE practices and sustainable product management. Subsequently, utilizing the insights stored from IoT data analysis and tailored surveys, a predictive maintenance model is developed, aiming to predict the life cycles of microwave oven components and categorize them within the CE principles, including reuse, repair, remanufacturing, and cascade. Finally, to mitigate the challenges of lower effective utilization and shortened operating lifespans observed in household appliances, this research employs machine learning models such as Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Decision Tree to accurately predict the residual values of IoT-enabled microwaves. Notably, Random Forest demonstrates superior accuracy compared to the other models. Therefore, these technological advancements allow household appliances to be utilized more effectively, thereby enhancing resource utilization.