Romaniw Jucimare, Inagaki Thiago M, Sá João Carlos de Moraes, Ramos Fabricia
State University of Ponta Grossa, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Quality, Høgskoleveien 7, 1430, Ås, Norway.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 21;10(19):e38295. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38295. eCollection 2024 Oct 15.
The No-till system and organic fertilization combined can be a potential strategy to avoid nutrient leaching, as the soil structure plays a crucial role in retaining them. In this study, we evaluated the influence of different rates of a bio-fertilizer made of industrial organic waste (IOW) from a poultry slaughterhouse on the percolation and stocks of nitrate in disturbed and undisturbed soil samples collected from a subtropical no-till field in southern Brazil. In an incubation experiment, we performed a percolation experiment using lysimeters and simulated rainfall for 180 days and evaluated the remaining soil nitrate stock after the incubation period. We set up a completely randomized experiment with three replicates using four IOW rates (equivalent to 0, 2, 4, and 8 Mg ha) and two sample types: disturbed and undisturbed soils. Using the bio-fertilizer increased nitrate mineralization from 0.77 to 1.55 kg ha day. Overall, the IOW application increased the amount of percolated nitrate, significantly influenced by the simulated rainfall (p < 0.01). The amount of water flushed through the lysimeters was significantly higher for the disturbed soils (p < 0.05, LSD test), suggesting that the loosened structure promoted a higher water flux. No differences were observed between undisturbed and disturbed samples for nitrate percolation, implying that the amount of nitrate in the liquid soil phase may be a more critical factor in determining nitrate leaching than the water flux. The disturbed samples presented significantly higher nitrate percolation with increasing IOW rates, regardless of precipitation. Stocks in the 0-5 cm depth were 6.6 kg ha higher for undisturbed samples (p < 0.05, LSD test). This result suggests preserving the soil structure can significantly increase the nitrate stocks upon IOW application.
免耕系统与有机施肥相结合可能是避免养分淋失的一种潜在策略，因为土壤结构在保持养分方面起着关键作用。在本研究中，我们评估了来自家禽屠宰场的工业有机废弃物（IOW）制成的生物肥料不同施用量，对从巴西南部亚热带免耕田采集的扰动和未扰动土壤样品中硝酸盐的渗滤和储量的影响。在一项培养实验中，我们使用渗漏计进行了渗滤实验，并模拟降雨180天，然后评估培养期后的土壤硝酸盐剩余储量。我们设置了一个完全随机实验，有三个重复，使用四种IOW施用量（相当于0、2、4和8 Mg ha）以及两种样品类型：扰动土壤和未扰动土壤。使用生物肥料使硝酸盐矿化量从0.77增加到1.55 kg ha·天。总体而言，IOW的施用增加了渗滤硝酸盐的量，受模拟降雨的显著影响（p < 0.01）。对于扰动土壤，通过渗漏计冲洗的水量显著更高（p < 0.05，最小显著差异检验），这表明结构疏松促进了更高的水流通量。对于硝酸盐渗滤，未扰动和扰动样品之间未观察到差异，这意味着液相土壤中的硝酸盐量可能是决定硝酸盐淋失比水流通量更关键的因素。无论降水情况如何，随着IOW施用量增加，扰动样品的硝酸盐渗滤显著更高。对于未扰动样品，0 - 5 cm深度的储量高6.6 kg ha（p < 0.05，最小显著差异检验）。这一结果表明，在施用IOW时，保持土壤结构可显著增加硝酸盐储量。
