Nzelu Charles Echezona, Aagard Magdeline, Danawi Hadi, Francavillo Gwendolyn S, Melea Pelagia
Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria.
College of Health Sciences and Public Policy, Walden University, USA.
Niger Med J. 2024 Sep 26;65(4):413-423. doi: 10.60787/nmj-v65i3-435. eCollection 2024 Jul-Aug.
The utilization of HIV testing services in Nigeria has not been optimal due to socioeconomic and demographic factors such as educational level, place of residence, and religion. For Nigeria to achieve epidemic control, pregnant women need to know their HIV status through HIV testing, which is the gateway to HIV prevention, care, support, and treatment services. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of HIV testing among Nigerian pregnant women aged 15-49 years HIV testing during antenatal visits or childbirth.
Secondary data analyses of 659 pregnant women randomly selected from the multiple imputation datasets of the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS)were done using SPSS version 25. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, HIV stigmatizing attitudes, and HIV testing were retrieved from the dataset for the study. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were done to determine the predictors of HIV testing.
The prevalence of self-reported HIV testing and receiving results among women of reproductive age was 36.72%. Bivariate model findings showed that educational level, place of residence, and religion were statistically significant predictors of HIV testing among pregnant women. Only educational level and place of residence significantly predicted pregnant women's HIV testing in the parsimonious multivariable regression model. Pregnant women with higher levels of education (Primary Education, AOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.07,3.19; Secondary Education, AOR, 3.75; 95% CI:1.93, 7.28; Higher Education, AOR, 11.23; 95% CI: 4.40, 28.68) and those living in urban areas (AOR, 1.60: 95% CI:1.03, 2.47) were more likely to test for HIV than those with no education and those living in the rural areas.
This study identified having a higher level of education and living in urban areas as predictors of HIV testing, therefore, more efforts are needed to have women with lower levels of education and those living in rural areas test for HIV as a strategy for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
由于教育水平、居住地点和宗教等社会经济和人口因素，尼日利亚的艾滋病毒检测服务利用率并不理想。为使尼日利亚实现疫情控制，孕妇需要通过艾滋病毒检测了解自己的艾滋病毒感染状况，这是获得艾滋病毒预防、护理、支持和治疗服务的途径。因此，本研究的目的是确定15 - 49岁尼日利亚孕妇在产前检查或分娩时进行艾滋病毒检测的预测因素。
使用SPSS 25版对从2013年尼日利亚人口与健康调查（NDHS）多重插补数据集中随机抽取的659名孕妇进行二次数据分析。从数据集中检索有关社会人口特征、艾滋病毒污名化态度和艾滋病毒检测的数据用于本研究。进行双变量和多变量回归分析以确定艾滋病毒检测的预测因素。
育龄妇女自我报告的艾滋病毒检测及获得检测结果的患病率为36.72%。双变量模型结果显示，教育水平、居住地点和宗教是孕妇艾滋病毒检测的统计学显著预测因素。在简约多变量回归模型中，只有教育水平和居住地点显著预测了孕妇的艾滋病毒检测情况。教育水平较高的孕妇（小学教育，调整后比值比[AOR]，1.85；95%置信区间[CI]，1.07, 3.19；中学教育，AOR，3.75；95% CI：1.93, 7.28；高等教育，AOR，11.23；95% CI：4.40, 28.68）以及居住在城市地区的孕妇（AOR，1.60：95% CI：1.03, 2.47）比未受过教育的孕妇和居住在农村地区的孕妇更有可能进行艾滋病毒检测。
本研究确定教育水平较高和居住在城市地区是艾滋病毒检测的预测因素，因此，需要做出更多努力，使教育水平较低的妇女和居住在农村地区的妇女进行艾滋病毒检测，作为消除艾滋病毒母婴传播的一项策略。
