Pai Satvik N, Jeyaraman Madhan, Jeyaraman Naveen, Yadav Sankalp
Orthopedics, PES University Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, IND.
Orthopedics, South Texas Orthopedic Research Institute, Texas, USA.
Cureus. 2024 Sep 11;16(9):e69230. doi: 10.7759/cureus.69230. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of healthcare, with its applications ranging from diagnostics to robotic surgery. As India swiftly integrates AI into its healthcare system, a critical question arises: who bears the liability when AI-driven medical decisions go wrong? This article explores the complexities of assigning legal responsibility for AI in healthcare, particularly within the Indian context. While India's legal framework, including the Information Technology Act, intersects with AI usage, it lacks specific provisions addressing AI liability. The National Strategy for AI, although a step forward, does not resolve the ambiguities surrounding accountability. The article also examines how other countries, particularly the European Union and the United States, are beginning to tackle these challenges through proposed directives and regulations. However, the absence of clear, comprehensive laws worldwide reflects the inherent difficulties in legislating AI stemming from its autonomous nature, the "black box" problem, and the multifaceted roles of stakeholders. Until robust legal frameworks are established, the article cautions healthcare professionals to exercise vigilance when using AI tools, recognizing that they may still bear significant liability. This evolving legal landscape underscores the need for continued deliberations in AI regulations.
人工智能（AI）正在迅速改变医疗保健领域，其应用范围涵盖从诊断到机器人手术。随着印度迅速将人工智能融入其医疗体系，一个关键问题出现了：当由人工智能驱动的医疗决策出错时，谁来承担责任？本文探讨了在医疗保健领域为人工智能确定法律责任的复杂性，特别是在印度的背景下。虽然印度的法律框架，包括《信息技术法案》，与人工智能的使用有交集，但它缺乏针对人工智能责任的具体规定。人工智能国家战略虽然是向前迈出的一步，但并没有解决围绕问责制的模糊问题。本文还研究了其他国家，特别是欧盟和美国，如何开始通过拟议的指令和法规来应对这些挑战。然而，全球缺乏明确、全面的法律反映了因人工智能的自主性、“黑匣子”问题以及利益相关者的多面角色而在为人工智能立法方面存在的固有困难。在建立健全的法律框架之前，本文告诫医疗保健专业人员在使用人工智能工具时要保持警惕，因为他们可能仍然要承担重大责任。这种不断演变的法律格局凸显了在人工智能法规方面持续进行审议的必要性。
