Holosensor Medical Technology Ltd, Room 12, No. 1798, Zhonghuayuan West Road, Yushan Town, Suzhou, 215000, China.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2024 Dec;43(12):2247-2258. doi: 10.1007/s10096-024-04963-z. Epub 2024 Oct 14.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the leading cause of cervical cancer, the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Despite concerted efforts to combat this preventable disease through HPV vaccination and cancer screening have helped reduce morbidity and mortality levels, the burden persists in both developing and developed countries due to insufficient vaccination and screening coverage. Urinary HPV testing has emerged as a noninvasive detection method, offering significant advantages in cervical cancer management and vaccine surveillance. Notably, it boasts high acceptance rates, ease of self-collection, user-friendly implementation, and relatively low cost. Various urinary HPV detection methods have been explored, predominantly relying on nucleic acid amplification and signal amplification, targeting a variety of biomarkers in urine, such as HPV DNA, RNA, and oncoproteins. Existing literature underscores urine as a promising specimen for HPV testing, demonstrating comparable detection performance to cervical and vaginal samples in several studies. However, the lack of standardized and authoritative protocols in sample collection, storage, preparation, DNA extraction, and amplification necessitates further evaluation for the comprehensive utilization of urinary HPV testing in clinical and epidemiological settings. This study aims to review pertinent publications and offer insights into the rationale, common strategies, and limitations of urinary HPV testing, with the ultimate goal of maximizing its utility in practice.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染是宫颈癌的主要病因，也是全球女性中第四大常见癌症。尽管通过 HPV 疫苗接种和癌症筛查来防治这种可预防的疾病已经做出了协同努力，但由于疫苗接种和筛查覆盖率不足，发展中国家和发达国家的负担仍然存在。尿液 HPV 检测已成为一种非侵入性的检测方法，在宫颈癌管理和疫苗监测方面具有显著优势。值得注意的是，它具有高接受率、易于自我采集、用户友好的实施以及相对较低的成本。已经探索了各种尿液 HPV 检测方法，主要依赖核酸扩增和信号扩增，针对尿液中的多种生物标志物，如 HPV DNA、RNA 和癌蛋白。现有文献强调尿液是 HPV 检测的有前途的标本，在几项研究中证明了与宫颈和阴道样本相当的检测性能。然而，在样本采集、存储、准备、DNA 提取和扩增方面缺乏标准化和权威的方案，需要进一步评估，以在临床和流行病学环境中全面利用尿液 HPV 检测。本研究旨在综述相关文献，深入了解尿液 HPV 检测的原理、常见策略和局限性，以期最大限度地提高其实用价值。
