Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1463:233-237. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-67458-7_39.
Oximetry is used to quantify the presence of oxygen in soft tissues. It can be expressed as, for example, tissue oxygen saturation (StO), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO) and pulsatile oxygen saturation (SpO), among others. Non-invasive medical devices are used to estimate (SaO). Their accuracy is compromised in individuals with highly pigmented skin. The aim of this initial work is to go back few steps into the understanding of the light absorption for the DC component in pulse oximeters, by using a mixtures model for different hypothetical scenarios of normoxia and hyperoxia. Under hypoxic states, an initial and simple multi-wavelength approach could be established to identify the impact of eumelanin (EuM) and pheomelanin (PhM), which are directly related to skin pigmentation in dark skin colour individuals. We used public spectra for water (HO), haemoglobin (HHb), oxy-haemoglobin (HbO), eumelanin and pheomelanin, to create 1000 possible absorption combinations. These spectra simulations were used to understand the hypothetical limits, across a 450-800 nm wavelength range. These results have outlined the maximum oxy-haemoglobin concentrations that can be detected without interfering with eumelanin and pheomelanin. This initial and simple approach helped us to understand how eumelanin and pheomelanin absorption interferes and overlaps with low oxy-haemoglobin, which is a key biomarker for oxygen quantification in pulse oximeters and other non-invasive biomedical devices.
血氧饱和度测定法用于定量软组织中的氧气含量。例如,可以用组织氧饱和度(StO)、动脉氧饱和度(SaO)和脉动氧饱和度(SpO)等来表示。非侵入性医疗设备用于估算(SaO)。在皮肤色素沉着过多的个体中,其准确性会受到影响。这项初步工作的目的是通过使用混合物模型来深入了解脉搏血氧仪中 DC 成分的光吸收,以便对不同的正常氧合和高氧合假设情况进行分析。在缺氧状态下,可以建立一个初始的、简单的多波长方法来识别真黑素(EuM)和褐黑素(PhM)的影响,这两种物质与深肤色个体的皮肤色素沉着直接相关。我们使用了公共水(HO)、血红蛋白(HHb)、氧合血红蛋白(HbO)、真黑素和褐黑素光谱,创建了 1000 种可能的吸收组合。这些光谱模拟用于理解在 450-800nm 波长范围内的假设极限。这些结果概述了在不干扰真黑素和褐黑素的情况下可以检测到的最大氧合血红蛋白浓度。这种初始和简单的方法帮助我们了解了真黑素和褐黑素吸收如何干扰和重叠低氧合血红蛋白,低氧合血红蛋白是脉搏血氧仪和其他非侵入性生物医学设备中氧定量的关键生物标志物。