Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Ambio. 2025 Jan;54(1):105-121. doi: 10.1007/s13280-024-02068-7. Epub 2024 Oct 14.
Groundwater is an essential resource for drinking water, food production, and industrial applications worldwide. Over-exploitation and pollution pose significant risks to groundwater sustainability. Groundwater models can be powerful tools for optimizing use, managing risks, and aiding decision-making. For this purpose, models should assimilate pertinent data and quantify uncertainties in outcomes. We examine applied modelling for characterization and decision support in Sweden from 2010 to 2023. We also review syllabi of water-related courses in Swedish higher education to assess the inclusion and extent of groundwater modelling education. We find that important academic advances in groundwater modelling over the past two decades have not translated into practical application within Sweden's industry, that uncertainty quantification is rarely undertaken, and that groundwater modelling remains a low priority in higher education. Based on these findings, we offer recommendations that, while informed by the Swedish context, hold relevance for educational institutions, industry, and decision-makers internationally.
地下水是全球饮用水、食品生产和工业应用的重要资源。过度开采和污染对地下水的可持续性构成重大风险。地下水模型是优化利用、管理风险和辅助决策的有力工具。为此，模型应同化相关数据并量化结果中的不确定性。我们从 2010 年到 2023 年检查了瑞典地下水建模在描述和决策支持方面的应用。我们还审查了瑞典高等教育中与水有关的课程教学大纲，以评估地下水建模教育的纳入和程度。我们发现，过去二十年地下水建模的重要学术进展并未转化为瑞典工业的实际应用，不确定性量化很少进行，地下水建模在高等教育中仍然是一个低优先级事项。基于这些发现，我们提出了一些建议，这些建议虽然以瑞典的情况为依据，但对国际上的教育机构、工业界和决策者具有相关性。
