Tshiambara Phumudzo, Hoffman Marinel, Legodi Heather, Balakrishna Yusentha, Feucht Ute
Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Matern Child Nutr. 2025 Jan;21(1):e13740. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13740. Epub 2024 Oct 14.
Factors affecting the growth of HIV-exposed-uninfected (HEU) children are multi-factorial, with limited information available on the dietary intake from 6 months. This study compared the dietary intake, micronutrient composition of breastmilk, and growth of HEU and HIV-unexposed-uninfected (HUU) infants aged 6 and 12 months in an urban setting. A repeated cross-sectional study used structured questionnaires to collect socio-demographic, dietary intake, food group data, and anthropometric measurements in the Siyakhula study. The HEU (48%) and HUU (52%) infants were included (total n = 181). At 6 months, HEU infants had lower weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) (-0.6 ± 1.1 vs. 0.1 ± 1.2; p < 0.001), length-for-age z-scores (-0.8 ± 1.4 vs. -0.1 ± 1.2; p < 0.001), and mid-upper-arm circumference-for-age z-scores (MUACAZ) (0.5 ± 1.1 vs. 1.0 ± 0.9; p < 0.001) than HUU infants. At 12 months, HEU infants had lower WAZ, MUACAZ, and weight-for-length z-scores compared to HUU infants (p < 0.05). Stunting was found at 6 (15%) and 12 (12%) months in HEU infants. The micronutrient composition of breastmilk fed to both groups was similar. Breastfeeding rates were lower in HEU than in HUU infants at 6 (49% vs. 64%; p = 0.005) and 12 (24% vs. 46%; p = 0.002) months. Less than 3% of HEU and HUU infants achieved minimal dietary diversity scores at 12 months. Dietary intake of fat was similar in all breastfed infants, but iron and vitamin B12 were higher in non-breastfed HEU infants at 12 months. HEU infants had lower breastfeeding rates than HUU infants. A lack of dietary diversity was found in all infants. Nutrition education and counselling in the complementary feeding phase are essential for optimal growth.
影响暴露于艾滋病病毒但未感染（HEU）儿童生长的因素是多方面的，而关于6个月大儿童饮食摄入的信息有限。本研究比较了城市环境中6个月和12个月大的HEU婴儿与未暴露于艾滋病病毒且未感染（HUU）婴儿的饮食摄入、母乳中的微量营养素组成以及生长情况。在Siyakhula研究中，一项重复横断面研究使用结构化问卷收集社会人口统计学、饮食摄入、食物组数据和人体测量数据。纳入了HEU婴儿（48%）和HUU婴儿（52%）（总数n = 181）。6个月时，HEU婴儿的年龄别体重Z评分（WAZ）较低（-0.6±1.1 vs. 0.1±1.2；p < 0.001）、年龄别身长Z评分（-0.8±1.4 vs. -0.1±1.2；p < 0.001）以及年龄别上臂中部周长Z评分（MUACAZ）（0.5±1.1 vs. 1.0±0.9；p < 0.001），均低于HUU婴儿。12个月时，与HUU婴儿相比，HEU婴儿的WAZ、MUACAZ和身长别体重Z评分较低（p < 0.05）。在6个月（15%）和12个月（12%）时，HEU婴儿出现发育迟缓。两组喂养的母乳中的微量营养素组成相似。6个月（49% vs. 64%；p = 0.005）和12个月（24% vs. 46%；p = 0.002）时，HEU婴儿的母乳喂养率低于HUU婴儿。12个月时，不到3%的HEU和HUU婴儿达到最低饮食多样性评分。所有母乳喂养婴儿的脂肪饮食摄入量相似，但12个月时非母乳喂养的HEU婴儿的铁和维生素B12含量较高。HEU婴儿的母乳喂养率低于HUU婴儿。所有婴儿均存在饮食多样性不足的情况。辅食添加阶段的营养教育和咨询对于最佳生长至关重要。
