Ersoy Ezgi, Boga Mehmet, Kaplan Alevcan, Mataraci Kara Emel, Eroglu Ozkan Esra, Demirci Kayiran Serpil
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, Topkapı, Istanbul, 34010, Türkiye.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, 21280, Sur, Türkiye.
Chem Biodivers. 2025 Feb;22(2):e202401853. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202401853. Epub 2024 Nov 18.
Astragalus species are ubiquitous in the pharmacopeia of numerous countries, signifying their widespread medicinal applications. Türkiye is esteemed as one of the principal epicenters of diversity for this genus with 483 taxa, and many of these plants have been traditionally utilized for diseases including coughing, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and aches. Although there is a considerable body of chemical and biological research available on several Astragalus species, studies focusing on Astragalus brachystachys DC are exceedingly rare. In this context, This study provides the first comprehensive report on this medicinal plant the chemical constituents and biological activities of an important medicinal plant, Astragalus brachystachys DC. The aerial part samples were collected from Adana, Türkiye, and an ethanol extract was prepared with these parts. The secondary metabolites of the extract were determined by an LC-HRMS analysis. The LC-HRMS analysis showed the presence of 39 different constituents, hyperoside (303.419±10.50 μg/g extract), p-coumaric acid (256.975±8.51 μg/g extract), and rutin (72.684±2.23 μg/g extract) were determined as major compounds in the aerial parts ethanol extract. Attributed to its high total phenolic (58.53±1.30 μg PEs/mg extract) and total flavonoid content (29.98±0.83 μg QEs/mg extract), the extract demonstrated strong antioxidant activity according to three different assays namely DPPH free (IC: 33.08±0.61 μg/mL), and ABTS cation radical scavenging (IC: 15.39±0.72 μg/mL) and CUPRAC activity (A: 36.25±0.28 μg/mL) methods. In vitro assays showed that cholinesterase inhibitory activity results were found to be exceptional with 85.95±0.52 % inhibition on acetylcholinesterase and 66.32±1.33 % inhibition on butyrylcholinesterase at 200 μg/mL. Regarding antimicrobial properties, Astragalus brachystachys DC extract was found to be effective against Enterococcus faecalis with a MIC value of 39.06 μg/mL.
黄芪属植物在许多国家的药典中都很常见，这表明它们具有广泛的药用价值。土耳其被认为是该属植物多样性的主要中心之一，有483个分类群，其中许多植物传统上被用于治疗咳嗽、糖尿病、心血管疾病和疼痛等疾病。尽管对几种黄芪属植物已有大量的化学和生物学研究，但针对短茎黄芪（Astragalus brachystachys DC）的研究却极为罕见。在此背景下，本研究首次全面报道了这种药用植物——重要药用植物短茎黄芪（Astragalus brachystachys DC）的化学成分和生物活性。地上部分样本采自土耳其阿达纳，并以此制备了乙醇提取物。提取物的次生代谢产物通过液相色谱-高分辨质谱（LC-HRMS）分析测定。LC-HRMS分析表明存在39种不同成分，其中金丝桃苷（303.419±10.50μg/g提取物）、对香豆酸（256.975±8.51μg/g提取物）和芦丁（72.684±2.23μg/g提取物）被确定为地上部分乙醇提取物中的主要化合物。由于其较高的总酚含量（58.53±1.30μg没食子酸当量/mg提取物）和总黄酮含量（29.98±0.83μg槲皮素当量/mg提取物），该提取物根据三种不同的测定方法，即DPPH自由基清除法（IC₅₀：33.08±0.61μg/mL）、ABTS阳离子自由基清除法（IC₅₀：15.39±0.72μg/mL）和CUPRAC活性法（A₅₀：36.25±0.28μg/mL），表现出较强的抗氧化活性。体外试验表明，在200μg/mL时，胆碱酯酶抑制活性结果显著，对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制率为85.9５±0.52%，对丁酰胆碱酯酶的抑制率为66.32±1.33%。关于抗菌性能，发现短茎黄芪（Astragalus brachystachys DC）提取物对粪肠球菌有效，最低抑菌浓度（MIC）值为39.06μg/mL。
