Institut für Biologie, Experimentelle Biophysik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Elife. 2024 Oct 14;12:RP90100. doi: 10.7554/eLife.90100.
Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are light-gated ion channels widely used to optically activate or silence selected electrogenic cells, such as individual brain neurons. Here, we describe identifying and characterizing a set of anion-conducting ChRs (ACRs) from diverse taxa and representing various branches of the ChR phylogenetic tree. The ACR (MsACR1) showed high sensitivity to yellow-green light ( at 555 nm) and was further engineered for optogenetic applications. A single amino-acid substitution that mimicked red-light-sensitive rhodopsins like Chrimson shifted the photosensitivity 20 nm toward red light and accelerated photocurrent kinetics. Hence, it was named red and accelerated ACR, raACR. Both wild-type and mutant are capable optical silencers at low light intensities in mouse neurons and , while raACR offers a higher temporal resolution.
通道视紫红质（ChRs）是一种光控离子通道，广泛用于光激活或沉默选定的发电细胞，如单个脑神经元。在这里，我们描述了从不同分类群中鉴定和表征一组阴离子通道（ACRs），并代表 ChR 系统发育树的各个分支。该 ACR（MsACR1）对黄绿光（在 555nm 处）具有高灵敏度，并且进一步被工程化为光遗传学应用。一个模拟像 Chrimson 这样的红光敏感视蛋白的单一氨基酸取代将光敏感性向红光移动 20nm，并加速光电流动力学。因此，它被命名为红色和加速 ACR，raACR。野生型和突变型都能够在小鼠神经元中以低光强度进行光学沉默，而 raACR 提供更高的时间分辨率。
