Fernández-Fígares Jiménez Mariana Del Carmen
School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
J Am Nutr Assoc. 2025 Feb;44(2):137-155. doi: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2406887. Epub 2024 Oct 14.
Excess body adiposity, referred to as overweight and obesity, represents a major health concern given that it increases the risk of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Body weight reduction can be achieved via a wide variety of dietary strategies as long as an energy deficit is achieved. However, the effect of such diets on disease risk and mortality will depend on the foods included. Increasing evidence shows that consumption of whole plant foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes) in place of animal foods (e.g., meat, poultry, dairy, fish, eggs, and seafood and their derivatives) and non-whole plant foods (e.g., refined grains, French fries, sugar-sweetened beverages) is associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors and lower risk of chronic diseases and mortality. This review focuses on the effect of a whole plant-foods diet on overweight and obesity from observational to clinical studies and discusses the potential mechanisms involved. According to existing evidence, a whole plant foods diet seems to be more advantageous than other dietary approaches for the prevention and treatment of excess adiposity given that it is composed of the foods that lead to the best health outcomes.
身体脂肪过多，即超重和肥胖，是一个主要的健康问题，因为它会增加包括心血管疾病、2型糖尿病和癌症在内的各种疾病的风险。只要实现能量赤字，就可以通过多种饮食策略来减轻体重。然而，这类饮食对疾病风险和死亡率的影响将取决于所包含的食物。越来越多的证据表明，用全植物性食物（如水果、蔬菜、全谷物、坚果、种子、豆类）替代动物性食物（如肉类、家禽、奶制品、鱼类、蛋类、海鲜及其衍生物）和非全植物性食物（如精制谷物、炸薯条、含糖饮料）与改善心血管代谢危险因素以及降低慢性病风险和死亡率有关。本综述重点关注从观察性研究到临床研究中全植物性食物饮食对超重和肥胖的影响，并讨论其中涉及的潜在机制。根据现有证据，全植物性食物饮食在预防和治疗肥胖方面似乎比其他饮食方法更具优势，因为它由能带来最佳健康结果的食物组成。
