Black Matthew I, Wylie Lee J, Kadach Stefan, Piknova Barbora, Park Ji W, Stoyanov Zdravko, L'Heureux Joanna E, Schechter Alan N, Vanhatalo Anni, Jones Andrew M
University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Nov 20;225:881-893. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.10.282. Epub 2024 Oct 12.
Dietary nitrate (NO) supplementation has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP), improve exercise performance, and alter the oral microbiome. Following a "control" diet (CON), we manipulated dietary NO intake to examine the effect of a short-term (7-day) low NO diet (LOW) followed by a 3-day high NO diet (HIGH), compared to a 7-day standard (STD) NO diet followed by HIGH, on saliva, plasma, and muscle [NO] and nitrite ([NO]), BP, and cycling exercise performance in healthy young adults. We also examined the effect of LOW on the oral microbiome. Saliva [NO] and [NO], and plasma [NO] were significantly lower than CON following LOW (all P < 0.05) but there was no change in plasma [NO] or muscle [NO] and [NO] (all P > 0.05). Following HIGH, saliva and plasma [NO] and [NO], and muscle [NO], were significantly elevated above CON, LOW and STD (all P < 0.05), but there was no difference between CON-LOW-HIGH and CON-STD-HIGH (P < 0.05). BP and exercise performance were not altered following LOW (P > 0.05). HIGH significantly reduced systolic and diastolic BP compared to CON when preceded by STD (both P < 0.05) but not when preceded by LOW (P > 0.05). Peak (+4 %) and mean (+3 %) power output during sprint cycling was significantly improved following HIGH (both P < 0.05), with no differences between CON-LOW-HIGH and CON-STD-HIGH (both P > 0.05). LOW altered the oral microbiome composition, including decreases in relative abundances of phylum Proteobacteria and genus Neisseria. The findings indicate that a short-term low NO diet lowers plasma but not skeletal muscle [NO]. The maintenance of plasma [NO] and muscle [NO] and [NO] following LOW may be indicative of their importance to biological functions, including BP regulation and exercise performance.
膳食硝酸盐（NO）补充已被证明可降低血压（BP）、改善运动表现并改变口腔微生物群。在遵循“对照”饮食（CON）后，我们对膳食NO摄入量进行了调整，以研究短期（7天）低NO饮食（LOW）后接3天高NO饮食（HIGH），与7天标准（STD）NO饮食后接HIGH相比，对健康年轻成年人唾液、血浆和肌肉中的[NO]和亚硝酸盐（[NO₂]）、血压以及骑行运动表现的影响。我们还研究了LOW对口腔微生物群的影响。LOW后唾液[NO]和[NO₂]以及血浆[NO]显著低于CON（均P < 0.05），但血浆[NO₂]或肌肉[NO]和[NO₂]无变化（均P > 0.05）。HIGH后，唾液和血浆[NO]和[NO₂]以及肌肉[NO]显著高于CON、LOW和STD（均P < 0.05），但CON-LOW-HIGH和CON-STD-HIGH之间无差异（P < 0.05）。LOW后血压和运动表现未改变（P > 0.05）。与STD后接HIGH相比，HIGH显著降低收缩压和舒张压（均P < 0.05），但LOW后接HIGH时无此效果（P > 0.05）。冲刺骑行期间的峰值（+4%）和平均（+3%）功率输出在HIGH后显著改善（均P < 0.05），CON-LOW-HIGH和CON-STD-HIGH之间无差异（均P > 0.05）。LOW改变了口腔微生物群组成，包括变形菌门和奈瑟菌属相对丰度的降低。研究结果表明，短期低NO饮食可降低血浆中但非骨骼肌中的[NO]。LOW后血浆[NO]以及肌肉[NO]和[NO₂]的维持可能表明它们对包括血压调节和运动表现在内的生物学功能具有重要性。
