Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA.
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
J Atten Disord. 2025 Jan;29(2):83-100. doi: 10.1177/10870547241290182. Epub 2024 Oct 14.
Very few studies have investigated intervention approaches that may be efficacious for youth with ADHD and co-occurring cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) symptoms. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention for adolescents with ADHD and co-occurring CDS symptoms. Fourteen adolescents ages 13 to 17 years (35.71% female; 64.29% White, 7.14% Black, 28.57% Multiracial) with ADHD and elevated CDS symptoms completed the 8-week group-based Mindful Awareness Practices (MAPs) program developed for individuals with ADHD. We collected measures of CDS, ADHD, mind-wandering, mindfulness, and other difficulties and functioning at baseline, 1-month post-intervention, and 3-month post-intervention to examine preliminary efficacy. We measured participant session attendance, session engagement, at-home practice adherence, and satisfaction of adolescents and caregivers at 1-month post-intervention to examine feasibility and acceptability. We also collected qualitative feedback from adolescents and caregivers at 1-month post-intervention. The intervention was overall feasible to administer, and caregivers and adolescents reported satisfaction with the intervention despite some difficulties with attendance and engagement. We observed improvements to both caregiver- and adolescent-reported CDS symptoms and ADHD-inattentive symptoms from pre-intervention to post-intervention time points, though findings across 1- and 3-month follow-up differed based on informant. We also observed improvements to some indices of adolescent-reported mind-wandering, mindfulness, brooding rumination, and academic functioning. For caregiver report, the only other noted improvement was for executive functioning. No improvements were reported by teachers. Findings support the initial feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of MAPs for adolescents with ADHD and co-occurring CDS symptoms on a range of outcomes. Larger trials with a randomized design are warranted to further examine mindfulness-based interventions for adolescents with ADHD and co-occurring CDS symptoms.
很少有研究调查针对同时存在注意力缺陷多动障碍和认知脱离综合征 (CDS) 症状的年轻人可能有效的干预方法。本研究考察了基于正念的干预措施对同时存在注意力缺陷多动障碍和 CDS 症状的青少年的可行性、可接受性和初步疗效。14 名年龄在 13 至 17 岁之间的青少年(35.71%为女性;64.29%为白人,7.14%为黑人,28.57%为多种族)患有注意力缺陷多动障碍和 CDS 症状升高,完成了为患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的个体开发的为期 8 周的基于正念意识实践 (MAPs) 的团体方案。我们在基线、干预后 1 个月和干预后 3 个月收集了 CDS、注意力缺陷多动障碍、心不在焉、正念和其他困难和功能的测量值,以检验初步疗效。我们在干预后 1 个月评估了参与者的会议出席率、会议参与度、在家练习的依从性以及青少年和照顾者的满意度,以检验可行性和可接受性。我们还在干预后 1 个月收集了青少年和照顾者的定性反馈。该干预措施总体上易于实施,尽管在出席和参与方面存在一些困难,但照顾者和青少年对干预措施表示满意。我们观察到从干预前到干预后时间点,无论是照顾者报告还是青少年报告的 CDS 症状和注意力缺陷多动障碍注意力不集中症状都有所改善,但基于信息来源,1 个月和 3 个月随访的结果有所不同。我们还观察到青少年报告的一些心不在焉、正念、沉思性反刍和学业功能的指标有所改善。对于照顾者报告,唯一注意到的其他改善是执行功能。教师没有报告任何改善。研究结果支持 MAPs 对同时存在注意力缺陷多动障碍和 CDS 症状的青少年在一系列结果上的初步可行性、可接受性和初步疗效。需要更大规模的随机设计试验来进一步研究针对同时存在注意力缺陷多动障碍和 CDS 症状的青少年的基于正念的干预措施。