Sadeghi-Bahmani Dena, Eisenhut Larina, Mikoteit Thorsten, Helfenstein Nico, Brühl Annette Beatrix, Dürsteler Kenneth M, Becker Stephen P, Brand Serge
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
J Clin Med. 2025 Mar 29;14(7):2362. doi: 10.3390/jcm14072362.
: Young adulthood is a demanding developmental stage, in that individuals are often faced with making major and long-lasting decisions related to career and family. This is also a heightened time of mental health difficulties. There is recent evidence that cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS; previously sluggish cognitive tempo) may also be more prevalent in young adults and associated with poorer functioning. However, the relation between CDS symptoms and anxiety, depression, stress, and insomnia remains insufficiently investigated among young adults. Given this, the aims of the present study were as follows: (1) to investigate the associations between CDS and symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia; (2) to investigate if and which dimensions of ill-being were more robustly related to higher CDS scores; (3) to explore if stress scores moderated the associations between CDS symptoms and insomnia; and (4) to explore if higher insomnia categories were associated with higher CDS scores. : A total of 246 young adult students in Switzerland (mean age = 22.62; 56.3% females) completed a booklet of questionnaires covering socio-demographic information, cognitive disengagement syndrome (Adult Concentration Inventory; ACI), and symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia as part of this cross-sectional study. : Higher CDS scores on the ACI were associated with higher scores for depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia. Depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia were independently associated with higher scores for CDS. Higher categories of stress moderated the associations between higher CDS scores and higher insomnia. Higher insomnia categories were related to higher CDS scores. : The present data showed that among a small sample of young adult students, higher CDS scores were associated with higher psychological ill-being (depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia). If we consider CDS as a trait, specific performance-enhancing medication or psychotherapeutic interventions might favorably influence dimensions of psychological ill-being such as depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia.
青年期是一个要求很高的发展阶段，因为个体常常面临与职业和家庭相关的重大且持久的决策。这也是心理健康问题加剧的时期。最近有证据表明，认知脱离综合征（CDS；以前称为认知迟缓节奏）在年轻人中可能也更普遍，并且与功能较差有关。然而，在年轻人中，CDS症状与焦虑、抑郁、压力和失眠之间的关系仍未得到充分研究。鉴于此，本研究的目的如下：（1）调查CDS与抑郁、焦虑、压力和失眠症状之间的关联；（2）调查幸福感的哪些维度与更高的CDS分数有更强的关联；（3）探讨压力分数是否调节了CDS症状与失眠之间的关联；（4）探讨更高的失眠类别是否与更高的CDS分数相关。
作为这项横断面研究的一部分，瑞士的246名青年成年学生（平均年龄 = 22.62岁；56.3%为女性）完成了一本问卷手册，内容涵盖社会人口统计学信息、认知脱离综合征（成人注意力量表；ACI）以及抑郁、焦虑、压力和失眠症状。
ACI上较高的CDS分数与抑郁、焦虑、压力和失眠的较高分数相关。抑郁、焦虑、压力和失眠分别与较高的CDS分数相关。较高的压力类别调节了较高的CDS分数与较高的失眠之间的关联。较高的失眠类别与较高的CDS分数相关。
目前的数据表明，在一小部分青年成年学生样本中，较高的CDS分数与较高的心理幸福感差（抑郁、焦虑、压力和失眠）相关。如果我们将CDS视为一种特质，特定的提高成绩的药物或心理治疗干预可能会对抑郁、焦虑、压力和失眠等心理幸福感维度产生有利影响。
