Dagher Rada K, Bruckheim Hannah E, Colpe Lisa J, Edwards Emmeline, White Della B
Division of Scientific Programs, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2021 Feb;30(2):154-159. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8862. Epub 2020 Nov 6.
Perinatal depression (PND) is a major depressive episode during pregnancy or within 4 weeks after childbirth up to a year. Risk factors for PND include stressful life events, history of depression, poor social support, unplanned and unwanted pregnancies, poor relationship quality, current or previous abuse, and low socioeconomic status. This mental disorder has been shown to have negative effects on mothers' quality of life and their intimate relationships, birth outcomes, and breastfeeding likelihood, as well as long-term effects on children's cognitive and emotional development. To date, no nationally representative study has examined whether there are socioeconomic and/or racial/ethnic differences in PND. This study discusses the prevalence and risk factors for PND, as well as its health consequences for mothers and children, the reasons for its underreporting and undertreatment, the evidence for different screening instruments and different treatment options, and the existing supportive policies to address this disorder in the United States. We conclude with outlining next steps in addressing the gaps in the literature on PND.
围产期抑郁症（PND）是指在孕期或产后4周内直至产后一年期间发生的重度抑郁发作。PND的风险因素包括生活压力事件、抑郁症病史、社会支持不足、意外怀孕和非意愿怀孕、关系质量差、当前或既往遭受虐待以及社会经济地位低下。这种精神障碍已被证明会对母亲的生活质量及其亲密关系、分娩结局和母乳喂养可能性产生负面影响，以及对儿童的认知和情感发展产生长期影响。迄今为止，尚无全国代表性研究探讨PND是否存在社会经济和/或种族/民族差异。本研究讨论了PND的患病率和风险因素、其对母亲和儿童的健康后果、报告不足和治疗不足的原因、不同筛查工具和不同治疗方案的证据，以及美国针对这种疾病的现有支持性政策。我们最后概述了弥补PND文献空白的后续步骤。
