Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2022 Oct 26;17(10):e0276809. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276809. eCollection 2022.
Depression is the most common mental health problem that affects women during pregnancy and after child-birth. Postpartum depression, in particular, has both short and long-term effects on the lives of mothers and children. Women's health is a current global concern, but postpartum depression is a neglected issue in the maternal continuum of care and is rarely addressed. Therefore, this study aimed to assess postpartum depression and associated factors in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 1st to 30th, 2021 in Gondar city. A cluster sampling technique was employed to select 794 postpartum women. Data were entered by EPI DATA version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis. The multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with postpartum depression. The adjusted odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval at a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was used to declare the level of significance.
A total of 794 women were included in the analysis, giving a response rate of 98.5%. The prevalence of postpartum depression was 17.25% (95% CI: 14.5, 20.2). Younger maternal age (AOR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.23, 5.85), low average monthly income (AOR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.24, 5.91), low decision-making power (AOR = 2.04, 95%CI: 1.31, 3.18), low husband/partner involvement in MNCH care service (AOR = 2.34, 95%CI: 1.44, 3.81), unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 3.16 95% CI: 1.77, 5.62), and experience of intimate partner violence (AOR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.96, 4.99) were significantly associated with increased odds of postpartum depression.
In this study, nearly 1/5th of the study participants had postpartum depression. Thus, it is important to integrate maternal mental health services with the existing maternal health care services. It is also crucial to advocate the need for husband's involvement in MNCH care services and ensure women's decision-making power in the household. Moreover, community-based sexual and reproductive health education would be better to reduce risk factors of postpartum depression.
抑郁症是影响女性在怀孕和产后期间最常见的心理健康问题。尤其是产后抑郁症，对母亲和儿童的生活都有短期和长期影响。妇女健康是当前全球关注的问题，但产后抑郁症是母婴护理连续体中被忽视的问题，很少得到解决。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚西北部贡德尔市的产后抑郁症及其相关因素。
本研究于 2021 年 8 月 1 日至 30 日在贡德尔市进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用聚类抽样技术选取了 794 名产后妇女。数据由 EPI DATA 版本 4.6 录入，然后导出到 SPSS 版本 25 进行进一步分析。采用多变量逻辑回归分析确定与产后抑郁症相关的因素。采用调整后的优势比及其 95%置信区间（p 值≤0.05）来确定显著性水平。
共纳入 794 名妇女进行分析，应答率为 98.5%。产后抑郁症的患病率为 17.25%（95%CI：14.5，20.2）。产妇年龄较小（AOR=2.72，95%CI：1.23，5.85）、平均月收入较低（AOR=2.71，95%CI：1.24，5.91）、决策能力较低（AOR=2.04，95%CI：1.31，3.18）、丈夫/伴侣较少参与母婴健康护理服务（AOR=2.34，95%CI：1.44，3.81）、非计划妊娠（AOR=3.16，95%CI：1.77，5.62）和经历亲密伴侣暴力（AOR=3.13，95%CI：1.96，4.99）与产后抑郁症的发病风险增加显著相关。
在这项研究中，近五分之一的研究参与者患有产后抑郁症。因此，将产妇心理健康服务与现有的产妇保健服务相结合非常重要。倡导丈夫参与母婴保健服务并确保妇女在家庭中的决策权也至关重要。此外，开展基于社区的性与生殖健康教育将有助于降低产后抑郁症的风险因素。
