Bi-level expansion planning of power system considering wind farms based on economic and technical objectives of transmission system operator.

Planning for the expansion of generation and transmission infrastructure, with a focus on integrating wind farms is presented in this study according to the goals of economic efficiency, operational performance, security, and reliability of the transmission system operator. The approach incorporates a bi-level optimization framework, with the upper level outlining the formulation of power system expansion planning to reduce construction and operational costs while adhering to the investment budget limits. In the lower-level model, which economic reliable-secure functioning is formulated for the transmission network. The objective function of the problem aims to minimize operational costs, energy losses, and anticipated energy not supplied, and the voltage security index. The constraints of this problem include AC optimal power flow model, security, and reliability limits. Scheme extracts a convex-linear model for the formulation using the conventional linearization technique. Pareto optimization driven by the aggregation of weighted functions results in a single-objective framework for the lower-level problem, and the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker technique presents a single-level model for the scheme. The approach utilizes stochastic optimization has been adopted to model load, wind farms, and network equipment availability uncertainties. Finally, the study cases yielded numerical findings that showcase the efficacy of the proposed scheme in achieving the desired economic, operational, security, and reliability status within the transmission network. This is particularly true in situations where there is appropriate generation and transmission expansion.