Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Division of Abdominal Transplant, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Cells. 2024 Sep 25;13(19):1604. doi: 10.3390/cells13191604.
Despite being the standard treatment for end-stage liver disease, liver transplantation has limitations like donor scarcity, high surgical costs, and immune rejection risks. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derivatives offer potential for liver regeneration and transplantation. MSCs, known for their multipotency, low immunogenicity, and ease of obtainability, can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells and secrete bioactive factors that promote liver repair and reduce immune rejection. However, the clinical application of MSCs is limited by risks such as aberrant differentiation and low engraftment rates. As a safer alternative, MSC-derived secretomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer promising therapeutic benefits, including enhanced graft survival, immunomodulation, and reduced ischemia-reperfusion injury. Current research highlights the efficacy of MSC-derived therapies in improving liver transplant outcomes, but further studies are necessary to standardize clinical applications. This review highlights the potential of MSCs and EVs to address key challenges in liver transplantation, paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies.
尽管肝移植是治疗终末期肝病的标准疗法，但它也存在一些局限性，如供体短缺、手术费用高和免疫排斥风险。间充质干细胞（MSCs）及其衍生物为肝脏再生和移植提供了潜力。MSCs 具有多能性、低免疫原性和易于获取的特点，能够分化为肝样细胞，并分泌生物活性因子，促进肝脏修复并减少免疫排斥。然而，MSCs 的临床应用受到异常分化和低植入率等风险的限制。作为一种更安全的选择，MSC 衍生的分泌组和细胞外囊泡（EVs）提供了有前途的治疗益处，包括增强移植物存活率、免疫调节和减少缺血再灌注损伤。目前的研究强调了 MSC 衍生疗法在改善肝移植结果方面的功效，但需要进一步的研究来规范临床应用。本综述强调了 MSCs 和 EVs 解决肝移植关键挑战的潜力，为创新治疗策略铺平了道路。
