Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
Henan Engineering Technology Center for Water Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yellow River, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2024 Oct 15;46(11):476. doi: 10.1007/s10653-024-02266-y.
To analyze contamination levels, spatial distribution characteristics, bioavailability, and risks of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb), 65 road dust samples were collected and tested by ICP-MS from Zhengzhou in October 2023. The mean concentrations of most heavy metals, except Ni, exceeded their corresponding background values, with the mean concentration of Cd being 7.43 times that of its background. Spatially, for most heavy metals, higher concentrations were concentrated within the central area, and notable pollution hotspots emerged in proximity to construction area. Cr, Ni, Cu, As, and Pb were mostly bound to residual fraction with lower bioavailability, while Cd and Zn were mainly in exchangeable fraction with higher bioavailability. The enrichment factor, geo-accumulation, contamination factor, and pollution load index indicated that Cd and Hg were highly contaminated, particularly Cd, yet the study area remained moderately polluted. The average RI value of 384.66 indicated a considerate ecological risk, and Cd caused the highest potential ecological risk. Both of the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were insignificant, however, the human health risk of Cr, As, and Pb demand attention. The research results can provide theoretical basis and data support for the pollution prevention and control of urban environment of Zhengzhou.
为分析重金属（Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg 和 Pb）的污染水平、空间分布特征、生物有效性和风险，本研究于 2023 年 10 月采用 ICP-MS 对郑州市 65 个道路灰尘样本进行了采集和测试。除 Ni 外，大多数重金属的平均浓度均超过相应背景值，其中 Cd 的平均浓度是背景值的 7.43 倍。空间上，大多数重金属的浓度在中心区域较高，且在靠近建筑工地的地方出现明显的污染热点。Cr、Ni、Cu、As 和 Pb 主要与残余态结合，生物有效性较低，而 Cd 和 Zn 主要以可交换态存在，生物有效性较高。富集因子、地积累指数、污染因子和污染负荷指数表明 Cd 和 Hg 污染严重，尤其是 Cd，但研究区域仍处于中度污染水平。平均 RI 值为 384.66，表明存在较高的生态风险，其中 Cd 造成的潜在生态风险最高。非致癌和致癌风险均不显著，但 Cr、As 和 Pb 的人体健康风险值得关注。研究结果可为郑州市城市环境的污染防控提供理论依据和数据支持。
