University of Pennsylvania Medical Scientist Training Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Albert Einstein College of Medicine Medical Scientist Training Program, New York, New York, USA.
JCI Insight. 2024 Nov 22;9(22):e184715. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.184715.
The earliest MD-PhD programs were small and enrolled mostly men. Here, we show that since 2014 there has been a steady increase in the number of women in MD-PhD programs, the number of women reaching parity with men in 2023. This change was due to an increase in female applicants, a decrease in male applicants, and an increase in the acceptance rate for women, which had previously been lower than that for men. Data from the National MD-PhD Program Outcomes Study show that training duration has been similar for men and women, as have most choices of medical specialties and workplaces. However, women were less likely to have full-time faculty appointments, fewer had NIH grants, and those in the most recent graduation cohort at the time of the survey reported spending less time on research than men. Previously cited reasons for these differences include disproportionate childcare responsibilities, a paucity of role models, insufficient recognition, and gender bias. Institutions can and should address these obstacles, but training programs can help by preparing their graduates to succeed despite the systemic obstacles. The alternative is a persistent gender gap in the physician-scientist workforce, lost opportunities to benefit from diverse perspectives, and a diminished impact of valuable training resources.
最早的医学博士（MD）-哲学博士（PhD）项目规模较小，主要招收男性。在这里，我们表明，自 2014 年以来，MD-PhD 项目中的女性人数稳步增加，2023 年达到与男性人数持平。这一变化归因于女性申请者的增加、男性申请者的减少以及女性录取率的提高，而此前女性的录取率低于男性。来自国家 MD-PhD 项目成果研究的数据表明，男性和女性的培训时间相似，医学专业和工作场所的选择也大多相似。然而，女性获得全职教职的可能性较小，获得 NIH 资助的人数较少，而且在调查时处于最近毕业 cohort 的女性报告称，她们用于研究的时间比男性少。以前提到的造成这些差异的原因包括不成比例的育儿责任、缺乏榜样、认可不足和性别偏见。各机构可以而且应该解决这些障碍，但培训项目可以通过帮助其毕业生克服系统障碍来取得成功。否则，医生-科学家劳动力中就会持续存在性别差距，错失从多元化视角中受益的机会，以及宝贵培训资源的影响力减弱。
