Rizvi Narjis, Saleem Sarah, Mukhtar Ahmed Jawaria, Reza Sayyeda Ezra, Jabeen Rawshan, Jessani Saleem
Community Health Science CHS, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024 Oct 15;4(10):e0003736. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003736. eCollection 2024.
This study aimed to understand the lives of adolescents living in squatter settlements of Karachi, Pakistan regarding their assigned roles and responsibilities, health and social issues, their decision-making process, and mechanism and channels of information. An exploratory descriptive qualitative study design was employed. Purposive sampling techniques were used to carry out Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with adolescents (n = 10, Participants = 190), adolescents' parents (n = 10, Participants = 180), and In-Depth Interviews of with key adolescent stakeholders (n = 20). Adolescent stakeholder mapping was conducted for enrolling participants. The data were analysed thematically using deductive and inductive approaches. Based on gender norms parents assign specific roles and responsibilities to adolescent girls and boys. Due to societal norms, communication gap exists between adolescents and their parents. The most popular information channels are social media platforms and friends. Adolescents reported being subjected to a variety of physical, sexual, mental, social, and environmental pressures. Lack of guidance from parents, inadequate knowledge and skills to deal with physical, sexual, mental, social and environmental hazards, and misuse of social media lead to risky decisions, injuries, and social instability. This study underlines the urgent need for targeted interventions for addressing gender issues and improving adolescents' decision-making and life skills. We recommend Behavior Change Communication interventions to dismantle gender stereotypes and support a balanced domestic environment for children's education and well-being, awareness raising among parents, teachers, and healthcare providers about adolescent risks emphasizing their role in youth guidance, and advocacy for youth-led forums to co-create educational content engaging parents, educators, and health professionals focusing on life skills. These strategies would turn demographic transitions into productive dividends.
本研究旨在了解生活在巴基斯坦卡拉奇棚户区的青少年的生活,涉及他们被赋予的角色和责任、健康与社会问题、决策过程以及信息机制和渠道。采用了探索性描述性定性研究设计。运用目的抽样技术,与青少年(n = 10,参与者 = 190)、青少年家长(n = 10,参与者 = 180)进行焦点小组讨论,并对关键青少年利益相关者进行深度访谈(n = 20)。进行了青少年利益相关者映射以招募参与者。使用演绎和归纳方法对数据进行主题分析。基于性别规范,父母为青少年女孩和男孩分配特定的角色和责任。由于社会规范,青少年与其父母之间存在沟通差距。最受欢迎的信息渠道是社交媒体平台和朋友。青少年报告称遭受了各种身体、性、心理、社会和环境压力。父母缺乏指导、应对身体、性、心理、社会和环境危害的知识和技能不足以及社交媒体的滥用导致了冒险决策、伤害和社会不稳定。本研究强调迫切需要针对性的干预措施来解决性别问题并提高青少年的决策和生活技能。我们建议开展行为改变沟通干预,以消除性别刻板印象,支持为儿童教育和福祉营造平衡的家庭环境,提高家长、教师和医疗服务提供者对青少年风险的认识,强调他们在青年指导中的作用,并倡导由青年主导的论坛共同创建吸引家长、教育工作者和健康专业人员关注生活技能的教育内容。这些策略将把人口转变转化为生产红利。