Nursing and Midwifery Sciences Development Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
Reprod Health. 2022 Apr 18;19(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s12978-022-01397-8.
BACKGROUND: Adolescents with intellectual disabilities are probably twice as many people without intellectual disabilities to be sexually abused by family members, caregivers, close relatives, and others in the community. Sex education and training are essential components of children's and teenagers' education and human rights, as well as a source of worry for parents and society. While the parents are thought to be the most accessible choice as sexual educators, they often do not fulfill this role. Therefore, professional teachers and trainers who have undergone sex education courses for mentally retarded adolescents are more reliable sources to provide the sexual information in terms of their educational role. This study aimed to determine the experiences of teachers, educators, and school counselor parents regarding the sexual and reproductive health of educable intellectually disabled adolescent girls. METHODS: This was a qualitative content analysis study. 35 participants were selected via purposive sampling with maximum variation, and data were collected through in-depth individual interviews, focus group discussions and field notes, and analyzed using the conventional qualitative content analysis method simultaneously. RESULTS: Three subcategories have emerged: "knowledge and professional experience of teachers, educators, and school counselors with how to educate and care for adolescent sexual health", "proficiency of teachers, educators, and school counselors in guiding families in solving their child's sexual problems", "attitude of teachers, educators, and school counselors towards sexual behaviors and sexual education of adolescents" which formed the main category of "teachers, educators, and school counselors' inefficiency in maintaining ID adolescent girls' sexual and reproductive health". CONCLUSIONS: Teachers, educators, and school counselors encounter a variety of issues related to the sexual and reproductive health of intellectually impaired teenage females, as a consequence of the findings. As a result, efforts should be made to enhance knowledge and skill development, as well as the evolution of negative attitudes. Therefore, the teaching of sexual guidelines for teenagers with mental impairments should be included in the agenda of the country's educational policies. Teachers and educators should be taught by health experts via the holding of in-service training courses.
背景:智障青少年遭受家庭成员、照顾者、近亲及社区其他人的性虐待的可能性是无智障青少年的两倍。性教育和培训是儿童和青少年教育及人权的重要组成部分,也是家长和社会关注的问题。虽然父母被认为是最容易接受的性教育者,但他们往往没有扮演这个角色。因此,接受过智障青少年性教育课程的专业教师和培训师更有能力以教育者的角色提供性信息。本研究旨在确定教师、教育者和学校顾问家长在智障可教育青少年女孩的性与生殖健康方面的经验。
方法:这是一项定性内容分析研究。通过最大变异的目的抽样选择了 35 名参与者,通过深入的个人访谈、焦点小组讨论和现场记录收集数据,并使用常规的定性内容分析方法同时进行分析。
结果:出现了三个亚类:“教师、教育者和学校顾问在教育和照顾青少年性健康方面的知识和专业经验”、“教师、教育者和学校顾问在指导家庭解决孩子性问题方面的熟练程度”、“教师、教育者和学校顾问对青少年性行为和性教育的态度”,形成了“教师、教育者和学校顾问在维护智障少女性与生殖健康方面的无效性”的主要类别。
结论:教师、教育者和学校顾问在智障青少年女性的性与生殖健康方面遇到了各种问题。因此,应努力增强知识和技能的发展,并改变消极态度。因此,应将智障青少年性指导方针的教学纳入国家教育政策议程。应通过举办在职培训课程,由卫生专家向教师和教育者授课。
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