College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 Dec 5;480:136098. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136098. Epub 2024 Oct 9.
Progestins (PGs) are a group of emerging contaminants with endocrine disrupting effects. Despite their large amounts of use and excretion, investigations have been limited to several compounds in the aqueous phase, and the occurrences and distribution of numerous PGs in different matrices remain unclear. In this study, water, suspended particulate matter and sediment samples from rivers in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), China were investigated over two seasons to elucidate the occurrences, sources, and ecological risks of 55 natural and synthetic PGs. 40 PGs were detected with concentrations varied from not detected (ND) to 146 ng/L in water, ND to 251 ng/g dry weight (dw) in SPM, and ND-173 ng/g dw in sediment. The less-studied natural metabolites were the predominant PGs in all samples. 54-96 % of the PGs were concentrated in the aqueous phase, and SPM was also an important carrier, especially for hydrophobic compounds. Anthropogenic activities and environmental conditions together affected the spatiotemporal distribution of PGs. Animal sources, including aquaculture and animal husbandry, contributed most (42.3 %) to the total PGs, followed by treated sewage (32.9 %) and industrial sources (24.7 %). The risk assessment suggested that PGs posed moderate to high risks to aquatic organisms, especially the fish.
孕激素（PGs）是一组具有内分泌干扰效应的新兴污染物。尽管它们的使用量和排放量很大，但研究仅限于水相中的几种化合物，而不同基质中许多 PGs 的出现和分布仍不清楚。在这项研究中，对中国黄河三角洲（YRD）的河流中的水、悬浮颗粒物和沉积物样本进行了两个季节的调查，以阐明 55 种天然和合成 PGs 的出现、来源和生态风险。在水中检测到 40 种 PGs，浓度从未检出（ND）到 146 ng/L，在 SPM 中为 ND 到 251 ng/g 干重（dw），在沉积物中为 ND-173 ng/g dw。所有样品中均以较不常见的天然代谢物为主导 PGs。54-96%的 PGs集中在水相中，SPM 也是一种重要的载体，尤其是对疏水性化合物。人为活动和环境条件共同影响了 PGs 的时空分布。包括水产养殖和畜牧业在内的动物源对总 PGs 的贡献最大（42.3%），其次是处理过的污水（32.9%）和工业源（24.7%）。风险评估表明，PGs 对水生生物，特别是鱼类，构成了中度到高度的风险。
