The Influence of Activated Sludge Augmentation on Its Ability to Degrade Paracetamol.

Paracetamol is one of the most commonly used painkillers. Its significant production and consumption result in its presence in the environment. For that reason, paracetamol has a negative impact on the organisms living in ecosystems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective methods to remove paracetamol from sewage. One of the methods is the bioaugmentation of activated sludge with organisms with increased degradation potential in relation to paracetamol. This study determined the effectiveness of paracetamol degradation by activated sludge augmented with a free or immobilised KB4. To immobilise the strain, innovative capsules made of cellulose acetate were used, the structure of which provides an optimal environment for the development of bacteria. Augmentation with both a free and immobilised strain significantly improves the efficiency of paracetamol biodegradation by activated sludge. Over a period of 30 days, examined systems allowed ten doses of paracetamol decomposition, while the unaugmented system degraded only four. At the same time, using the immobilised strain does not significantly affect the functioning of the activated sludge, which was reflected in the stability of processes such as nitrification. Due to the high stability of the preparation, it can become a valuable tool in wastewater treatment processes.