Banegas Daniela Estefania, Moioli Alessia, Santoni Eleonora, Tagliavini Erica, Quaglia Francesca Maria, Bernardelli Andrea, Visco Carlo
Hematology Unit, Section of Biomedicine of Innovation, Department of Engineering for Innovative Medicine, Verona University, 37134 Verona, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2024 Sep 27;13(19):5756. doi: 10.3390/jcm13195756.
We present the case of a 43-year-old Caucasian man who developed visceral leishmaniasis (VL) following treatment with a combination of brentuximab vedotin and doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (A+AVD) for advanced-stage classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL). The patient initially showed a favorable response to the treatment, but shortly after completing six cycles, he experienced recurrent fever, splenomegaly, and severe anemia. Extensive infectious disease evaluations led to a diagnosis of VL, confirmed by PCR testing. The patient was treated with amphotericin B, resulting in full clinical recovery. In addition to presenting this rare case, we conducted a full review of the literature on VL in the context of hematological disorders, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, and other lymphoproliferative diseases. This review highlights the increasing prevalence of VL in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those undergoing treatments like chemotherapy or immunotherapy, and underscores the importance of considering VL in differential diagnoses when such patients present with persistent fever and splenomegaly.
我们报告了一例43岁的白种男性病例，该患者在接受本妥昔单抗联合多柔比星、长春花碱和达卡巴嗪（A+AVD）治疗晚期经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤（cHL）后发生了内脏利什曼病（VL）。患者最初对治疗表现出良好反应，但在完成六个周期治疗后不久，出现了反复发热、脾肿大和严重贫血。广泛的传染病评估导致诊断为VL，经PCR检测得以证实。患者接受了两性霉素B治疗，最终实现了完全临床康复。除了呈现这一罕见病例外，我们还对血液系统疾病背景下的VL文献进行了全面回顾，包括非霍奇金淋巴瘤、脾边缘区淋巴瘤和其他淋巴增殖性疾病。这一综述强调了VL在免疫功能低下个体中日益增加的患病率，尤其是那些接受化疗或免疫治疗等治疗的患者，并强调了当此类患者出现持续发热和脾肿大时，在鉴别诊断中考虑VL的重要性。
