Jain Molly, Crites Morgan Kay, Rich Patricia, Bajantri Bharat
Parkview Health, Fort Wayne, IN 46845, USA.
J Clin Med. 2024 Sep 30;13(19):5837. doi: 10.3390/jcm13195837.
Mesotheliomas are hyperplastic tumors that envelop the serosal membranes that safeguard the body's external surfaces. Although certain instances may exhibit indolent characteristics, a significant number of tumors demonstrate rapid progression and a poor prognosis. Mesotheliomas are typically categorized as benign or malignant, with malignant mesothelioma being more frequently linked to asbestos exposure. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) predominantly impacts males and often emerges in the late 50 s or beyond, characterized by a median age of early 70 s among patients exposed to asbestos lasting from 2 to 4 decades. Respiratory exposure to asbestos particles leads to the development of malignant mesothelioma, characterized by recurrent inflammation, disruption of cell division, activation of proto-oncogenes, and generation of free radicals. In pleural mesothelioma, BAP1, CDKN2A, and NF are the most often mutated genes. Accurate diagnosis and assessment usually require the use of chest computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). Radiation therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery are some of the treatment options that are currently available. This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest research, biomarkers, evaluation, and management strategies for malignant pleural mesothelioma.
间皮瘤是一种增生性肿瘤，包裹着保护身体外表面的浆膜。尽管某些病例可能表现出惰性特征，但大量肿瘤显示出快速进展且预后不良。间皮瘤通常分为良性或恶性，恶性间皮瘤更常与接触石棉有关。恶性胸膜间皮瘤（MPM）主要影响男性，通常在50多岁后期或更晚出现，接触石棉持续2至4十年的患者中位年龄在70岁出头。呼吸道接触石棉颗粒会导致恶性间皮瘤的发生，其特征为反复炎症、细胞分裂破坏、原癌基因激活和自由基产生。在胸膜间皮瘤中，BAP1、CDKN2A和NF是最常发生突变的基因。准确的诊断和评估通常需要使用胸部计算机断层扫描（CT）、磁共振成像（MRI）和正电子发射断层扫描（PET）。放射治疗、免疫治疗、化疗和手术是目前可用的一些治疗选择。本系统综述对恶性胸膜间皮瘤的最新研究、生物标志物、评估和管理策略进行了全面分析。
