Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China.
Nutrients. 2024 Sep 28;16(19):3286. doi: 10.3390/nu16193286.
Research into the pivotal role of potassium in chronic diseases and their comorbidities remains scarce. Our aim is to elucidate the relationship between potassium and chronic diseases, including comorbid conditions, and to provide evidence-based recommendations for potassium intake in patients.
This study is anchored in a representative, population-based survey conducted in Zhejiang Province, China, in 2017, encompassing participants aged 18 to 69 years. Data collection included questionnaire responses, physical measurements, and biological samples, obtained through a multistage cluster random sampling method. A subset of 1496 participants provided complete 24 h urine samples.
The median age of the participants was 48.0 years (interquartile range [IQR] 24.0), with 51.1% being female, and hypertension was identified in more than one third (35.6%) of the participants. The prevalence of diabetes was approximately 9.0%, dyslipidemia was found in 34.2%, and microalbuminuria in 8.8%. The 24 h urinary excretion levels were 3613.3 mg/24 h (IQR 2161.7) for sodium and 1366.0 mg/24 h (IQR 824.9) for potassium, respectively. Potassium excretion exhibited an inverse relationship with blood pressure. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between potassium excretion and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, with an elevation of 0.03 mmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.00 to 0.05). In binary logistic regression analysis, individuals in the fourth quartile of potassium excretion (Q4) exhibited an odds ratio (OR) of 0.56 (95% CI 0.36-0.87) for hypertension compared to those in the first quartile (Q1). Urinary potassium excretion was inversely associated with low HDL-C levels, with Q4 individuals having 0.62 times the odds of having low HDL-C levels (OR, 0.62; 95% CI 0.39-1.00) compared to Q1.
Potassium excretion demonstrated a direct negative correlation with certain comorbidities. This study underscores the pivotal role of potassium in the management of chronic diseases and associated comorbidities, thereby highlighting the significance of potassium in both public health initiatives and clinical practice.
目前对于钾在慢性病及其合并症中的关键作用的研究仍然较少。本研究旨在阐明钾与慢性病（包括合并症）之间的关系，并为患者的钾摄入量提供循证建议。
本研究基于 2017 年在中国浙江省进行的一项具有代表性的、基于人群的调查，纳入了 18 至 69 岁的参与者。数据收集包括问卷调查、体格测量和生物样本，采用多阶段聚类随机抽样方法获得。其中有 1496 名参与者提供了完整的 24 小时尿液样本。
参与者的中位年龄为 48.0 岁（四分位距 [IQR] 24.0），51.1%为女性，超过三分之一（35.6%）的参与者患有高血压。参与者中糖尿病的患病率约为 9.0%，血脂异常为 34.2%，微量白蛋白尿为 8.8%。24 小时尿钠排泄水平为 3613.3mg/24 h（IQR 2161.7），钾排泄水平为 1366.0mg/24 h（IQR 824.9）。钾排泄与血压呈负相关。此外，钾排泄与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平呈正相关，每升高 0.03mmol/L（95%置信区间 [CI] 0.00 至 0.05）。在二元逻辑回归分析中，与 Q1 相比，Q4（钾排泄量第 4 四分位数）的个体患高血压的比值比（OR）为 0.56（95%CI 0.36-0.87）。尿钾排泄与低 HDL-C 水平呈负相关，Q4 个体的低 HDL-C 水平的比值比（OR）为 0.62（95%CI 0.39-1.00）。
钾排泄与某些合并症呈直接负相关。本研究强调了钾在慢性病及其合并症管理中的关键作用，提示钾在公共卫生和临床实践中都具有重要意义。
