Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jan 19;13(1):1044. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-27874-z.
To assess the relationship of sodium, potassium and the ratio of sodium to potassium (Na/K) with albuminuria, a cross-sectional study was carried out in China in 2017. Sodium, potassium and albumin excretions were examined in a 24-h (h) urine sample collected from 1486 participants. Microalbuminuria was defined as 24-h urinary albumin excretion between 30 and 300 mg/24 h. The participants had an average age of 46.2 ± 14.1 years old, and 48.9% were men. The proportion of patients with microalbuminuria was 9.0%. As illustrated by the adjusted generalized linear mixed model, sodium concentration increased significantly with the increase in 24-h urinary albumin (β = 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38-1.93; P = 0.003). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the odds ratio (OR) of microalbuminuria increased with the quartiles of sodium [OR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.26-3.84 (the maximum quartile vs. the minimum quartile), P = 0.006]. Potassium and the Na/K ratio did not have any association with outcome indicators. A high amount of sodium intake was potentially correlated with early renal function impairment.
为评估钠、钾和钠钾比值（Na/K）与蛋白尿的关系，2017 年在中国开展了一项横断面研究。从 1486 名参与者的 24 小时尿液样本中检测了钠、钾和白蛋白的排泄量。微量白蛋白尿定义为 24 小时尿白蛋白排泄量在 30 至 300mg/24h 之间。参与者的平均年龄为 46.2±14.1 岁，其中 48.9%为男性。微量白蛋白尿患者的比例为 9.0%。调整后的广义线性混合模型表明，随着 24 小时尿白蛋白的增加，钠浓度显著升高（β=1.16，95%置信区间（CI）为 0.38-1.93；P=0.003）。多变量调整后的逻辑回归分析表明，微量白蛋白尿的比值比（OR）随钠的四分位间距增加而升高[OR=2.20，95%CI 1.26-3.84（四分位间距最高与最低组相比），P=0.006]。钾和 Na/K 比值与结局指标无任何关联。高钠摄入量可能与早期肾功能损害有关。
