Jurczyková Tereza, Kmeťová Elena, Kačík František, Lexa Martin, Dědič Daniel
Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Fire Protection, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 Oct 7;16(19):2832. doi: 10.3390/polym16192832.
This study deals with the design of modern environmentally friendly and non-toxic flame retardants based on expandable graphite 25 K + 180 (EG) modified by cellulose ethers (Lovose TS 20, Tylose MH 300, Klucel H) and nanocellulose (CNC) that are biocompatible with wood and, therefore, are a prerequisite for an effective surfactant for connecting EG to wood. The effectiveness of the formulations and surfactants was verified using a radiant heat source test. The cohesion of the coating to the wood surface and the cohesion of the expanded graphite layer were also assessed. The fire efficiency of the surfactants varied greatly. Still, in combination with EG, they were all able to provide sufficient protection-the total relative mass loss was, in all cases, in the range of 7.38-7.83% (for untreated wood it was 88.67 ± 1.33%), and the maximum relative burning rate decreased tenfold compared to untreated wood, i.e., to 0.04-0.05%·s. Good results were achieved using Klucel H + EG and CNC + EG formulations. Compared to Klucel H, CNC provides significantly better cohesion of the expanded layer, but its high price increases the cost of the fireproof coating.
本研究涉及基于可膨胀石墨25 K + 180（EG）设计的现代环保无毒阻燃剂，该可膨胀石墨由纤维素醚（Lovose TS 20、Tylose MH 300、Klucel H）和纳米纤维素（CNC）改性，这些物质与木材具有生物相容性，因此是将EG与木材连接的有效表面活性剂的先决条件。使用辐射热源测试验证了配方和表面活性剂的有效性。还评估了涂层与木材表面的附着力以及膨胀石墨层的内聚力。表面活性剂的阻燃效率差异很大。然而，与EG结合使用时，它们都能够提供足够的保护——在所有情况下，总相对质量损失在7.38 - 7.83%范围内（未处理木材为88.67 ± 1.33%），最大相对燃烧速率与未处理木材相比降低了十倍，即降至0.04 - 0.05%·s。使用Klucel H + EG和CNC + EG配方取得了良好的效果。与Klucel H相比，CNC能使膨胀层的附着力显著更好，但其高价格增加了防火涂层的成本。
