Monoamine Oxidase Contributes to Valvular Oxidative Stress: A Prospective Observational Pilot Study in Patients with Severe Mitral Regurgitation.

Monoamine oxidases (MAOs), mitochondrial enzymes that constantly produce hydrogen peroxide (HO) as a byproduct of their activity, have been recently acknowledged as contributors to oxidative stress in cardiometabolic pathologies. The present study aimed to assess whether MAOs are mediators of valvular oxidative stress and interact in vitro with angiotensin 2 (ANG2) to mimic the activation of the renin-angiotensin system. To this aim, valvular tissue samples were harvested from 30 patients diagnosed with severe primary mitral regurgitation and indication for surgical repair. Their reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed by means of a ferrous oxidation xylenol orange (FOX) assay, while MAO expression was assessed by immune fluorescence (protein) and qRT-PCR (mRNA). The experiments were performed using native valvular tissue acutely incubated or not with angiotensin 2 (ANG2), MAO inhibitors (MAOI) and the angiotensin receptor blocker, irbesartan (Irb). Correlations between oxidative stress and echocardiographic parameters were also analyzed. Ex vivo incubation with ANG2 increased MAO-A and -B expression and ROS generation. The level of valvular oxidative stress was negatively correlated with the left ventricular ejection fraction. MAOI and Irb reduced valvular HO production. In conclusion, both MAO isoforms are expressed in pathological human mitral valves and contribute to local oxidative stress and ventricular functional impairment and can be modulated by the local renin-angiotensin system