Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China.
State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Sep 27;25(19):10403. doi: 10.3390/ijms251910403.
Plant stomata play a crucial role in photosynthesis by regulating transpiration and gas exchange. Meanwhile, environmental cues can also affect the formation of stomata. Stomatal formation, therefore, is optimized for the survival and growth of the plant despite variable environmental conditions. To adapt to environmental conditions, plants open and close stomatal pores and even regulate the number of stomata that develop on the epidermis. There are great differences in the leaf structure and developmental origin of the cell in the leaf between and grass plants. These differences affect the fine regulation of stomatal formation due to different plant species. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of stomatal formation and the molecular networks and genetic mechanisms regulating the polar division and cell fate of stomatal progenitor cells in dicotyledonous plants such as and plants such as and is provided. The processes of stomatal formation mediated by plant hormones and environmental factors are summarized, and a model of stomatal formation in plants based on the regulation of multiple signaling pathways is outlined. These results contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of stomatal formation and epidermal morphogenesis in plants and provide a valuable theoretical basis and gene resources for improving crop resilience and yield traits.
植物气孔在光合作用中起着至关重要的作用，通过调节蒸腾作用和气体交换来控制。同时，环境线索也会影响气孔的形成。因此，尽管环境条件不断变化，气孔的形成仍会被优化以适应植物的生存和生长。为了适应环境条件，植物会打开和关闭气孔，甚至调节表皮上发育的气孔数量。 和 植物的叶片结构和细胞发育起源存在很大差异。这些差异会影响气孔形成的精细调节，因为不同的植物物种具有不同的特性。在本文中，全面概述了气孔形成以及调控双子叶植物如 和 植物如 中气孔前体细胞极性分裂和细胞命运的分子网络和遗传机制。总结了由植物激素和环境因素介导的气孔形成过程，并概述了基于多个信号通路调控的植物气孔形成模型。这些结果有助于更好地理解植物气孔形成和表皮形态发生的机制，并为提高作物抗逆性和产量性状提供了有价值的理论基础和基因资源。
